<p>The George J. Smith House is located on Albany Avenue  in Kingston, New York, United States. It is a Queen Anne Style frame house built in the 1880s. Its interior has been slightly modified since then.</p><br>
<p>In addition to being a representative example of the Queen Anne Style in Kingston, it was home to George J. Smith, who served a term as the area&#39;s congressman. In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Currently its lower floor is a local Montessori school, and the upper floor is an apartment.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The George J. Smith House is situated on a 100 by lot on the north side of a divided section of Albany Avenue, a short distance east of its junction with Interstate 587 and NY 28. The neighborhood is residential, with most houses of similar vintage. The John Smith House next door to the west is also listed on the Register, as is the Sharp Burial Ground across Albany a short distance to the east. Another house is to the east with a woodlot to the north.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a three-story building on a brick foundation sided in a mix of cedar clapboard and wood shingle. It has steeply pitched multiple intersecting gable roofs and projecting bays covered in red shingles.</p><br>
<p>On the south (front) facade, a three-story three-sided bay projects from the southwest corner. It has alternatting bands of siding, projecting eaves with gable stickwork. To its east a porch extends across the rest of the first story. It has a gable roof offset to the east, supported by four chamfered posts with decorative capitals in pierced woodwork trim.</p><br>
<p>The east profile has an inset porch on the second story near the front. It has similar decorative stickwork below its projecting gable. Next to it is another projection, a two-story three-sided bay topped with a hipped roof. The north has a two-story wing and two-story porch. On the west, the simplest side, is a large exterior brick chimney.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is a pair of wooden and glass doors in a heavily molded frame. It leads to a broad central hall flanked on the west by two parlors joined by a broad archway. Both have fireplaces with intricate classically inspired wooden mantels. Many of the finishes, including the lath and plaster walls and carved architraves, are original. On the east of the main hall a stairway climbs to the second floor. It has finely carved balusters and newels. The second floor has been converted into an apartment but retains many original finishes as well.</p><br>
<p>At the northwest corner of the property is a small garage. It appears to have been a carriage house built at the same time as the house, and is thus considered a contributing resource to the property&#39;s historic character.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house first appears on a fire insurance map in 1887. Five years later, in 1892, a city directory idenitifies the owner as George J. Smith.</p><br>
<p>Smith had brought the Powell Cigar Company to the city, built a large factory and made it the Powell, Smith & Company. Later it became the American Cigar Company, with 1,800 employees at its peak. In the years after the house was built, he became active in Republican politics, serving as the county committee chair and the state treasurer in the late 1890s. Four years after that, in 1902, he was elected to the House for a single term.</p><br>
<p>The house remained a private residence until its use by the school. It has had no other modifications save those made for that use.</p><br>
<p>The Marietta Historic District is a historic district in Marietta, Ohio, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Among the buildings in the district are ones dating back to 1788,</p><br>
<p>When the district was added to the Register in 1974, it encompassed an area roughly bounded by the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers and Warren, Third, Fifth, and Sixth Streets. In 2001, some of its original boundaries were slightly reduced, but it was also expanded greatly to include an area roughly bounded by Marion, Montgomery, Ohio, Greene, Butler, and Second through Ninth Streets, and the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers. The resulting district encompasses over 900 acre and includes over two thousand contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>The National Register includes properties and districts that are considered historic under any of four criteria:</p><br>
<p>Association with significant events in American history</p><br>
<p>Association with significant historical individuals</p><br>
<p>Well-preserved and historically significant architecture</p><br>
<p>Possibility of yielding archaeological evidence</p><br>
<p>While most properties and districts on the Register qualify under one or two of the criteria, the Marietta Historic District qualifies under all four.</p><br>
<p>Walton and Willett Stone Store, also known as Cahill&#39;s Fish Market, is a historic commercial building located at Oswego in Oswego County, New York. It is a three and four story, limestone structure with a distinctive stepped gable roof on the banks of the Oswego River. The oldest commercial building in the city of Oswego, it was built in 1828 and first used as a ship chandlery. In later years, it housed a newspaper office, customs collector, steamboat ticket and freight office, and warehouse. In 1945, it was purchased for use as a fish market.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It was the site of Coleman&#39;s Irish Pub until 2008.</p><br>
<p>In June 2014, the building was ruled "dangerous" by city codes officers citing structural concerns.</p><br>
<p>Fort Brewerton is a historic fort site located at Brewerton in Oswego County, New York. It is the site of a fort that originally was in the form of an eight-pointed star with sixteen 30 ft faces surrounded by a 10 ft moat. The 480 ft parapet had earth walls 5 ft high from which projected log palisades. Within the parapet were four log blockhouses, smaller buildings for munitions and supplies, and wells. It was erected in 1759 to defend the passage from Albany to the port of Oswego.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Brewerton Historical Society operates the Oliver Stevens Blockhouse Museum, with excavated artifacts and exhibits about the fort and area history. The museum is a log reconstruction of a late 18th-century log block house that was located on the site. The museum is open on Saturdays from June through September.</p><br>
<p>The Frisco Depot and adjacent Antlers Spring are historic sites in Antlers, Oklahoma. The sites are a part of the National Register of Historic Places, in which they appear as a single entry.</p><br>
<h2>Establishing the Railroad</h2><br>
<p>Antlers owes its existence to the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad—also known as the Frisco Railroad—which opened in June 1887. The railroad, which was built north to south through the mountains and virgin timberlands of the Choctaw Nation of the Indian Territory, brought civilization to the wilderness—three passenger trains operated daily in each direction, plus two freight trains, making for a total of ten trains per day.</p><br>
<p>To support this industrial infrastructure section houses were established by the railroad every few miles. The houses assumed responsibility for maintaining the railroad track and right-of-way in either direction of each location.</p><br>
<p>A section house was established at the site of present-day Antlers, with adjacent station stops to the north at Davenport, Indian Territory—now Kellond, Oklahoma—and south at Hamden, Indian Territory—now Hamden, Oklahoma. Railroad officials chose Antlers as the site due to the presence of a well-watered spring of fresh water. Surrounding the spring were numerous pairs of deer antlers nailed to trees. The antlers had been placed there by hunters as hunting trophies, and constituted a local landmark. The station, originally called Beaver Station after nearby Beaver Creek, was soon renamed Antlers.</p><br>
<p>Antlers, Indian Territory quickly became a bustling territorial town and was provided a wooden railroad station. The downtown business district was wooden, too, and much of it went up in flames during a catastrophic conflagration in 1904. Town officials afterward passed an ordinance requiring fireproof buildings made of brick, stone or cement throughout the town limits. This ordinance prevented the Frisco Railroad from replacing the depot with a stucco building such as had just been built (and still exists) in Hugo, Indian Territory.</p><br>
<p>In March 1913 the railroad company announced it would build a brick building east of the tracks. The first stakes went into the ground two months later and, on June 5, 1914 the new depot opened for business. The depot quickly became the most important building in the community. Crowds routinely greeted each arriving passenger train, from which many townspeople embarked and disembarked, and businessmen greeted the freight trains, which delivered or received produce and goods for sale or shipment. The depot was, quite simply, the busiest building in the county—for decades.</p><br>
<p>On February 1, 1958 the end of an era dawned as the Frisco Railroad ended passenger service. This coincided with the development and paving of area highways, made necessary by the burgeoning popularity of the personal automobile. Freight service continued until February 1981, when the Burlington Northern Railroad—which had since purchased the Frisco Railroad—closed and abandoned all railroad track, trestles and right-of-way north of Antlers. South of the town the track remained in place and pulpwood continued being loaded onto railroad cars at the Antlers Depot for shipment southbound. This continued until 1990, when a new loading facility was built just south of Antlers.</p><br>
<p>The Pushmataha County Historical Society was established in 1984 and its first major project was an initiative to obtain the abandoned Antlers depot and restore and preserve it as a county museum. On June 1, 1985 USA Senator Don Nickles announced that Burlington Northern agreed to donate the depot to the historical society. The transfer of title soon took place and the historical society set about its mission.</p><br>
<h2>The Depot Building</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in a vaguely Italianate style, the depot is low, long and symmetrical, and measures 100 feet long by 30 feet wide. It consists of red brick with parapets topped by a concrete cap. The building is flat-roofed with a horizontal wooden canopy over the controller’s observation window.</p><br>
<p>Approximately half of its interior was devoted to passengers and half was devoted to storing or moving freight. The architecture of the building speaks to a different era, an era predating civil rights and racial equality. From north to south the building housed a waiting room for white passengers, with adjacent toilets, a ticket office, and a waiting room for Negro passengers, with adjacent toilets.</p><br>
<p>At the time the depot’s registration nomination was prepared for entry into the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, the building was empty except for the agent’s office. Ticket windows and desks made of walnut—original furnishings—were still in place, as was the train order board lever controls, which were still in use.</p><br>
<h2>Antlers Spring</h2><br>
<p>Antlers Spring had not fared as well. It was enclosed in a concrete wall and roofed. It still flowed, but had deteriorated and had not been maintained. Nonetheless its historic nature was acknowledged, and it was included in the nomination. It was later accepted into the National Register along with the depot.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Antlers Depot is home to the Pushmataha County Chamber of Commerce, which occupies the former waiting room for white passengers, and the Pushmataha County Historical Society, which occupies the former ticket office, Negro waiting room, and freight room.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the building has recently been contested. The historical society contends it received ownership outright from Burlington Northern in 1985, and labored solely to restore, preserve and operate the building until recent times. Somewhat more recently the City of Antlers has asserted its ownership, pointing to legal documents signed by historical society officers which, in part, transfer deed to the city.</p><br>
<p>Historical society officers acknowledge the validity of the city’s claim but say transfer of ownership occurred as part of the fine print on a lengthy legal document purporting to achieve other objectives.</p><br>
<p>“…Title to the Depot building was transferred to the city in an underhanded manner,” society officials wrote in a letter published in the town newspaper. “Transfer of title was never brought before our board or the membership of PCHS,” they continued. “The city of Antlers may have gotten legal title to the building but it has no moral title.”</p><br>
<p>Antlers’ city manager has since assumed responsibility for physical maintenance of the depot and, from 2009 until 2013, gave the chamber of commerce space within the facility for its operations. Despite the lingering differences of opinion regarding Depot ownership the two groups cooperated very successfully in preserving and operating the Depot as a continuing public trust. The building once again serves solely as home of the historical society, and is open and staffed by historical society volunteers throughout the week.</p><br>
<p>Fewell School is a historic site located in Fewell, Oklahoma. Fewell, 10 miles east of Nashoba, Oklahoma, is a rural community in the Kiamichi Mountains of Pushmataha County, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Fewell School was constructed by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1936-1937 as a Great Depression public works project.</p><br>
<p>As built, the school consisted of three rooms and measured 28 by. An extension measures 15 by feet and changed the building’s formerly rectangular footprint to that of an “L” shape.</p><br>
<p>The school is constructed of uncoursed and undressed native sandstone. Beaded mortar sets the stones and, according to an architectural survey in 1988, is of “excellent” workmanship. It is roofed with sheet metal and the roof has intersecting gables. The front entryway, at the southeast corner, is behind double arches. Wood sash windows on concrete sills rise to the eaves.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the 1988 survey the building was found to be in good condition and was in use as a private residence—which the survey noted was an “excellent example of adaptive reuse”.</p><br>
<p>Fewell School was examined in 1988 and nominated for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Its nomination was successful.</p><br>
<p>Fewell is in the sparsely populated Little River (Oklahoma) valley, and is adjacent to the river. During the Great Depression the area experienced economic difficulty and the WPA construction project provided much-needed jobs.</p><br>
<p>More information on Fewell and the Little River valley may be found in the Pushmataha County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Albion State Bank was an historic structure in Albion, Oklahoma. Albion, located amidst the rugged and rural but verdant Kiamichi Mountains, in northeastern Pushmataha County, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bank was built in the period of optimism immediately following Oklahoma’s statehood on November 16, 1907. Settlers considered the county to be an agricultural paradise, and logging was an important industry in the Albion region. The town’s railroad station was an active transshipment point for timber, and the town’s early population grew rapidly.</p><br>
<p>Albion’s future commercial success seemed assured to the town’s businessmen, one of whom, John T. Bailey—who also named the town—built Albion State Bank in 1910. Bailey built the bank on the northwest corner of the public square—no longer extant as a square; it has been bisected by USA Highway 271—at the corner of Pearl Street. Bailey’s brother, Edgar Bailey, operated a dentist office in the rear two rooms.</p><br>
<p>Continued and enduring prosperity eluded Albion, however, and in approximately 1927 banker Bailey transferred the bank to Talihina, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building remained empty until 1930, when J.M. (John Melvin)Armstrong, another prominent Albion businessman, purchased it and opened a grocery store. He closed the store in 1950, converting it into his family residence, where he lived until his death in 1963. His widow continued living there until her death in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1975 the building was purchased by Mrs. Lorene Barnett, who operated a succession of small businesses there. In 1979, at the time of an architectural survey, the building was vacant but in good condition. Its wood plank flooring was original, and also in good condition.</p><br>
<p>The building was a one story structure constructed of red brick in a rectangular footprint. It measured 40 feet long and 25 feet wide. The windows were originally arched. The interior ceilings were of pressed copper bearing a decorative design. The original bank vault painted with the words, “Albion State Bank” was mounted in a brick wall and was still present during the survey in 1979.</p><br>
<p>A water well dug in approximately 1933 was outside the back door.</p><br>
<p>The architectural survey noted the bank’s “considerable integrity” due to remaining “structurally sound and essentially unaltered” and recommended it successfully for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>More information on Albion may be found in the Pushmataha County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Photo</h2><br>
<p>See for a photograph of the bank.</p><br>
<p>The Choctaw Capitol Building is a historic building built in 1884 that housed the government of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma from 1884–1907. The building is located in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma, two miles north of Tuskahoma. The site also includes the Choctaw Nation Council House and the Old Town Cemetery of Tuskahoma.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A United States Post Office operated here as Council House, Indian Territory from February 6, 1872 to June 30, 1880. Postal operations were later carried on at nearby Lyceum, site of the Choctaw girls’ academy, and Tuskahoma. During the days of the Indian Territory the Council House was located in Wade County, Choctaw Nation.</p><br>
<p>After several decades of constitutional experimentation, during which the Choctaw Indians moved their national capital among several locations, the National Council in 1883 authorized construction of a permanent seat of government at Tushka Homma. The name means “home of the red warrior” in the Choctaw language, and its spelling has since been standardized as Tuskahoma.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol was completed in September 1884, built of red native brick, sandstone, and nearby timber for $30,000. It is 72-11" long by 62-4" feet wide, and stands 54&#39;-2" tall to the chimneys. It consists of two stories and a mansard roof attic. In the fall of 1884 the Indian Journal at Muskogee, Indian Territory wrote, “The capitol building is the finest structure in the Territory…”</p><br>
<p>Inside the Capitol were rooms for the Senate, House of Representatives, Principal Chief, Supreme Court, and constitutional officers, including the National Attorney and National Auditor.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol was in use from 1884 until 1907, when the Choctaw Nation was abolished and Oklahoma became a state. After statehood the building fell into disuse and disrepair.</p><br>
<h2>Present Day</h2><br>
<p>The Capitol has achieved new life as the national museum of the successfully reconstituted Choctaw Nation, whose executive offices are now located in Durant, Oklahoma. The Choctaw Nation holds its annual Labor Day festival there, which attracts nationally-known country-western singers and bands, and draws in excess of 100,000 attendees.</p><br>
<p>A Choctaw war veterans&#39; memorial is on the Capitol grounds. It includes a special section in tribute to the famous Choctaw Code Talkers, who pioneered the use of native American languages as military code. Their initial exploits were during World War I, and were repeated by Choctaws and additional tribes during World War II.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. More information on the Capitol, Tuskahoma and the Choctaw Nation may be found in the Pushmataha County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Clayton High School Auditorium is an historic structure serving the public school of Clayton, Oklahoma. Clayton is located in the Kiamichi Mountains of Pushmataha County, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The auditorium was constructed as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) public works project in 1936-1937, during the Great Depression. It provided much-needed jobs in the Clayton area, which had been economically ravaged.</p><br>
<p>According to an architectural survey completed in 1988, the auditorium is almost unique in being only one of two known WPA buildings constructed for sole use as auditoriums rather than as dual-use auditoriums and gymnasiums. (Much more common elsewhere in the county and Oklahoma was the dual-use auditorium and gymnasium, such as the WPA built elsewhere in the county in Antlers, Oklahoma, Moyers, Oklahoma and Rattan, Oklahoma.)</p><br>
<p>Art Deco was the prevalent architectural style during the 1930s, and the auditorium shows hints of it through its angular lines. The building is a single story T-shaped structure built of native untooled and uncoursed stone. According to the 1988 survey the stonework and masonry work are “excellent”.</p><br>
<p>The roof is flat with parapets capped with limestone blocks. Entryways are recessed, and windows are emplaced in groups of two. A drainage ditch dug by the WPA surrounds the building and, like the building, has been kept in excellent condition.</p><br>
<p>The building was nominated successfully to become part of the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Justifying its inclusion was its unusual Art Deco allusions—uncommon among WPA buildings in the region—and its purpose as a sole-use auditorium.</p><br>
<p>More information on Clayton may be found in the Pushmataha County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Ten Broeck Stone House is located on Albany Avenue  in Kingston, New York, United States. It is a stone house built in the early years of the 19th century and modified later in that century.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the rare high-style Federal homes in the city. In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is on the north side of Albany Avenue, a short distance west of where it curves to the northeast. The neighborhood is mostly residential, with the exception of the Sharp Burial Ground, also listed on the National Register, slightly to the south on the opposite side of Albany. Most of the neighboring houses are of mid-19th to early 20th-century construction, on a large scale and frequently exhibiting little restraint in their architectural styles. The house at 184 Albany Avenue, a short distance across the street to the north, has been listed on the Register as well.</p><br>
<p>In contrast to those other houses, which are on narrow, deep lots of roughly 1 acre, the Ten Broeck House is on a 8 acre lot with 250 ft of frontage along Albany Avenue. In its rear is a large pond and woods buffering nearby Interstate 587 and NY 28. There is one other building on the property, a modern garage to its south. It is not considered a contributing resource to its historic character.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a two-story, seven-by-two-bay house of limestone in rough courses with a metal-clad gabled roof pierced by two brick chimneys near either end. The roofline has a box gutter, modillions and simple frieze, all done in wood. A smaller stone wing extends from the south, and a two-story frame wing is on the rear.</p><br>
<p>On the east (front), the facade has a centrally located main entrance sheltered by a small one-story porch with gently pitched hipped roof. The north profile has two windows on all three levels. The western wing has a modified hipped roof with a large exterior chimney on the north side. The west (rear) facade has a detailed Federal entrance with a molded round arch frame and fan louver. On the south side is the stone wing, offset to the west, with a small wooden vestibule and entry on its south. It, too, has a gabled metal roof and chimney.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance, a deeply recessed paneled door with Greek Revival surround and glass transom, leads to a central hall that runs the full depth of the main block, to a curved rear wall. Original finishes include the wall and ceiling plaster, moldings and wide plank flooring. The staircase has a finely turned newel and balustrade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house&#39;s kitchen wing on the south, part of its original construction, may stand on the site of an earlier house destroyed when the British burned Kingston in 1777, during the Revolutionary War. The main block has been established as built in 1803, the year the marriage of Jacob Ten Broeck and Margrit Watson, the first owners, was recorded at the Old Dutch Church.</p><br>
<p>It was a monumentally scaled Federal style building, with strict attention to the hallmarks of that style, such as its proprtions symmetry and classically inspired roofline details. A few decades later, modifications introduced the Greek Revival elements to the house, such as some of the interior detailing and door surrounds. In the later years of the 19th century, the frame rear and side additions were added.</p><br>
<p>There have been no other modifications since its construction. It has remained a private residence for over two centuries.</p><br>
<p>Sri Surya Pahar  is located about 12 km southeast of Goalpara town and Bongaigon is the nearest city from here. about 132 km northwest of Guwahati, is a significant but relatively unknown archaeological site in Assam, India. The site is a hilly terrain where several rock-cut Shivalingas, votive stupas and the deities of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain pantheon are scattered in an area of about one km. The site is centered on the hills  of Sri Surya which is profusely filled up with Shiva Lingas . The popular belief is that 99999 Shiva Lingas were engraved here by Vyasa in order to build up a second Kashi  and once it was one of the holiest pilgrimage sites in the region. There is no historical evidence exactly how many Lingams once dotted in these hills, but still there are hundreds of them, from tiny to large in size, scattered everywhere at the foot of the hill and covering the extensive area after centuries of neglect and pilferage. The exact figure of the Lingas  in the hill is yet to be counted scientifically.</p><br>
<p>A few years ago, some archaeologists unearthed a few Shiva Lingas and a few houses at Sri Surya — findings which confirmed the long-held belief that a thriving civilization held sway around Sri Surya Pahar some centuries ago. The intricate and scientific designs of the houses with artfully designed bricks led some archaeologists even to believe that more unearthing the history of Sri Surya Pahar would change the understanding of the history of ancient Assam and India. Some scholars even referred to the accounts of famous Chinese traveler Huen Tsang to claim that it was Sri Surya Pahar and not Guwahati that was the ancient land of Pragjyotishpur or Pragjyotisha Kingdom, the capital of the Kingdom of Kumar Bhaskara Varman (600-650). The findings of the nearby archaeological site of Paglatek are cited to strengthen this claim. Since Sri Surya Pahar is very close to the bank of Brahmaputra river, it might have been an important trade centre or seat of administration in the past.</p><br>
<p>Another important significance of Sri Surya Pahar is that it was once a confluence of three religions as evident from the innumerable sculptures and other relics belonging to Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.</p><br>
<h2>Remains of Hinduism</h2><br>
<p>The name of Sri Surya Pahar implies that the site was perhaps associated with the cult of sun (Surya) worship. Literary accounts corroborate that among other Hindu deities worshipped in ancient Assam, Surya (or the Sun God) occupied a prominent place in its cultural history. References are found in the Kalika-Purana (c.10th century) about two seats of sun worship in ancient Assam. One of the centres has been identified as Sri Surya Pahar which bears the iconographic significance of the cult as well.</p><br>
<p>Some archaeologists believe that a carved stone slab, now housed in the Sri Surya Temple and worshipped as ‘Surya’, may be the detached part that formed the ceiling of the temple of Surya. The central figure in the circular carvings of the slab has been identified as Prajapati, which is carved inside an inner circle while the surrounding outer circle is in the form of twelve lotus petals. Each lotus petal has the seated figure of an Aditya. These twelve Adityas are described as twelve solar divinities namely Dhatri, Mitra, Aryaman, Rudra, Varuna, Surya, Bhaga, Vivasvan, Pushan, Savitri, Tvastri and Vishnu.</p><br>
<p>Besides the numerous stone carvings of Shiva Lingas and the Prajapati slab, there are many rock carvings of the Hindu deities which can be seen at the foothills of Sri Surya Pahar and its adjacent areas. Notable among them are the sculptural panels of Shiva and Vishnu. The twelve-armed Vishnu with a seven-hooded canopy over its head stands prominent. It is worshipped as Dasabhuja Durga. Adorned with necklace, kundalas, armlets, garlands, etc., the deity stands erect on a lotus.</p><br>
<p>There are differences among scholars about the identification of the twelve-armed Vishnu sculpture. According to Dr Birinchi Kumar Baruah and Dr Srinivas Murthi, the sculpture is of Ma (mother) Manasha while the Archaeological Survey of India has identified it as a male deity which was tempered with thick plaster into a female one subsequently. There is a series of rock carvings on either side of this prominent figure. The notable remains are the Ganesha, Hari Hara (or Harihara), Vishnupadas, etc. Most of these carved figures are assigned to circa 9th century AD. Similar to the Surya Chakra, there also exists a Chandra Chakra, but the natural vagaries have eroded it badly.</p><br>
<h2>Jain Heritage</h2><br>
<p>Jainism could not get any remarkable footing in the North-East region of India throughout its long history. Except for the solitary example existing inside the natural caves at, hardly any other Jain remains have been found so far in the region. It was probably the followers of Rasbhanath whose foot prints are also at Sri Surya Pahar. The iconography of jain images found here is little different near their hands, but are found naked as per jain&#39;s traditional iconography.</p><br>
<p>On the southern slope of Sri Surya Pahar, there is a natural cavern made of piled stones. Within the natural caves, there are Jain carvings. Remains of these Jain affiliations in the form of inscription and rock carvings are assigned to the 9th century AD. There are two figures carved in a big granite boulder which are in low relief. The figures are shown in standing posture with their hands hanging down to the knees and their cognisance are shown below the figures in low relief. Another figure carved at the top of the hill is identified as Adinath. The figure is carved in sitting posture in the rocky outcrop and two bulls are marked at the base, the mark of cognisance of the first Tirthankara. These figures are also believed to be of the 9th century AD.</p><br>
<h2>Buddhist Remains</h2><br>
<p>On a vast area right from the extreme northwestern slope of the Sri Surya Pahar hill up to one kilometer further south, there are found as many as 25 votive stupas of different shapes and sizes cut out of granite boulders. These stupas are significant for it shows two points: firstly, there was Buddhist influence in ancient Kamarupa. It is in contrast with the commonly held belief that Buddhism was not prevalent in the cultural history of ancient Kamarupa. Secondly, the Buddhist influence in ancient Kamarupa was much earlier than in the rest of the country.</p><br>
<p>On the extreme north east corner on a higher altitude, a huge fallen granite boulder was selected for carving three giant stupas, carved in one row, facing the east. The structural feature of the stupas consist of Vedi, Medhi Anda & Harmika which are distinct. The stupas are archaic in shape with three gradually receding rings round the base. The topmost ring that supports the dome is almost semicircular in shape with flattened top. On the top of the dome there are the remnants of a square ‘harmika’ with groove in the centre to hold the shaft of chhatra or chhatravali (parasol). The crowning element is, however, missing. The three monolithic stupas are representative of either Dharma, Sangha & Budha or they could be termed as Uddeshika stupa carved in the memory of Lord Buddha.</p><br>
<p>According to the Archaeological Survey of India, the archaic shape of the carvings shows that the stupas at Sri Surya Pahar were hewn during the Hinayana phase of Buddhism of early Christian era. Further development of the faith in the later phases is not yet seen at the site. Later phases of Mahayana and Vajrayana esotericism were seen in the neighbouring territories of Bihar and Bengal.</p><br>
<p>An interesting feature of the stupa complex is that in the 9th-10th century A.D., when the area was pre-occupied by the followers of Hindu pantheons, attempts were made to carve Siva Lingas along with Younipith and channel spout on fallen boulders. Altogether half a dozen Siva Lingas exist there.</p><br>
<p>One Elliptical stupa was also carved on a smaller boulder lying within two huge boulders is an interesting piece of Art, as this elliptical shape is very rare in Eastern India. One of such stupa found at Langudi in Jaipur district of Orissa dates back to the 1st A.D.</p><br>
<p>The stupas and also the terracotta plaques with figure of Buddha found in regular excavation indicate that Buddhism flourished in lower Brahmaputra valley, especially in and around Surya Pahar during the early part of the Christian Era and continued up to the 10th Century A.D. In the 9th- century A.D.the Pala Dynasty (who were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism) stretched to a large part of India including Assam resulting in spread of Buddhism throughout the length and breath of Brahmaputra Valley (undivided Assam). Buddhist remains found in some nearby areas like Pancharatna, Barbhita village and Bhaitbari (now in Meghalaya) in the southern Bank of the lower Brahmaputra valley also strengthen the fact.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) started excavation works in Sri Surya Pahar in 1993. But the initial works were carried out for brief periods annually which, however, exposed startling relics including heads of deities with Karanda Mukuta, Kirtimukha, vestiges of stupa, terracotta mortar-pestle and vessels used in rites, designed tiles, Apsaras, Purnaghat, etc.</p><br>
<p>Excavations carried out in 1996 and 1997 hit gold when archaeologists discovered a Buddhist stupa along with monastery (vihara) which were estimated to belong to the 8th-9th century AD (contemporary to Paharpur stupa now in Bangladesh).</p><br>
<p>Excavations carried out in later years also yielded two temple complexes one of which was a brick temple complex aligned in north-south directions. These rectangular enclosure walls enclose the remains of several brick structures including the sanctum sanctorum and porch built in three substructural phases. The excavators also found a number of antiquities at the site most of which were terracotta tiles and plaques. Remarkable discoveries from the temple complex near the ancient tank include sculpture of Ganesha and Mahishasuramardini.</p><br>
<p>In the southern foothills of Sri Surya Pahar, excavators found a stone-paved water kund with revetment walls. This type of ancient kund which can control the natural flow of water has been found at many archaeological sites spread over India. This kund found at Sri Surya Pahar was probably used to take bath and to perform other daily ablutions by the devotees and monks before going to worship the Jain god which was carved in the natural cavern.</p><br>
<p>ASI founded a museum at the site to exhibit most of the antiquities unearthed from the excavation. Some of these 96 collections displayed at the site museum include stone sculptures of Gajasimha, Mahishasuramardini, decorated lion head, moulded fish, plaques of human figure, mythical animals, kiritimukhas, amalaka fragment, decorated tiles of floral and geometric designs, etc.</p><br>
<p>Potamoi , until 1927 known as Borovo , is a village in the Drama regional unit, Greece. It is situated in the Chech region, at the mouth of the river Dospat on the left shore of the river Nestos.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Human habitation in the area of the village stretches back to prehistory. In 1967 many artifacts from different epochs were found near the village with some dated to the Bronze Age. Further 860 silver coins from Philip II of Macedon have been excavated from the environs of the village.</p><br>
<p>The village is first mentioned as Borovo in an Ottoman registry from the latter 15th/early 16th century, with 153 registered inhabitants. The village has also been mentioned (as Borova) by the Austrian geologist Ami Boué, who visited the Balkans between 1836-1838. He notes that the way from Dospat to Kato Nevrokopi goes through Borova. He further notes that the village has been visited earlier by the Frenchman Vikenel.</p><br>
<p>According to the Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov, as of the 19th century the village of Borovo was a Muslim-populated village with 500 Bulgarian Muslims (Pomaks), 250 Turks and 140 houses. In another statistic from 1873 the village of Borovo is mentioned as a Pomak village with 280 male Pomaks and 110 households. According to a Greek statistic from 1913 Borovo (Μπόροβον) is a village with 1045 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>Kanchov writes that in 1900 the village was ruled by a mudur with no power outside of it. He also notes the existence of two mosques and a maktab.</p><br>
<p>In 1923 the Pomaks and the Turks were expelled from the village according to the Treaty of Lausanne. Subsequently Greek refugees from Turkey were settled in the village. In 1928 the number of the refugees settled in Borovo had reached 384 and the number of the Greek families 113. In 1927 the name of the village was changed from Borovo (Μπόροβο) to Potami (Ποταμοί).</p><br>
<p>During World War II and after the Bulgarian coup d&#39;état of 1944, a group of Pomak soldiers led by Faik Gaziev from the Bulgarian village of Ablanitsa sponsored by the United States and Greece carried out sabotage and reconnaissance missions against the Communists regime in Bulgaria from the village of Potamoi.</p><br>
<p>According to Greek data the population of Potamoi has changed as follows: 1920 - 650 inhabitants, 1928 - 438 inhabitants, 1940 - 873 inhabitants, 1951 - 760 inhabitants, 1961 - 751 inhabitants, 1971 - 537 inhabitants, 1981 - 397 inhabitants, 1991 - 377 inhabitants, 2001 - 413 inhabitants, 2011 - 323 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>Pickens Hall was a vaudeville venue at Heuvelton in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built in 1858 and is a three story, rectangular stone building, 65 feet wide and 74 feet deep. It is an Italianate style building with commercial space on the first floor and office/storage rooms on the second floor. There is a General Store on the first floor, function space on the second, and a newly restored Opera House on the third floor which serves as a venue for various performances. The $2.75 million restoration project just received an "Excellence in Historic Preservation" award from the Preservation League of NY State.</p><br>
<p>It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 The Heuvelton Historical Association received a $50,000 state grant to restore Pickens Hall which is now open as.</p><br>
<p>The Grey Corries are a range of mountains in the West Highlands of Scotland. The range includes several of Scotland&#39;s highest peaks including a number of Munros. The range is bounded to the north by the great extent of Leanachan Forest beyond which is Glen Spean and the Great Glen, to the east by the defile of Lairig Leacach and to the south by upper Glen Nevis and the headwaters of the Abhainn Rath. The ridge continues westwards at a high level to join Aonach Beag, Aonach Mor, Carn Mor Dearg and Ben Nevis.</p><br>
<p>From west to east the principal peaks of the range are Sgurr Choinnich Beag (963m), Sgurr Choinnich Mor (1094m), Stob Coire Easain (1080m), Stob Coire an Laoigh (1116m), Caisteal (1106m), Stob Coire Cath na Sine (1079m), Stob a Choire Leith (1105m), Stob Choire Claurigh (the highest peak of the range at 1177m) and Stob Coire na Ceannan (1123m). Stob Coire Gaibhre (958m) lies to the north of the eastern end of the range whilst Stob Ban (977m) lies to the south of the ridges eastern end. A northern spur of Stob Coire Easain culminates in Beinn na Socaich (1007m).</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Ten Broeck House, also known as the Felten-Ten Broeck-Chmura House, is located on Flatbush Road  in the Town of Ulster, north of Kingston, New York, United States. It is a stone house built in three stages in the years before the Revolution.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Benjamin Ten Broeck, a wealthy landowner whose estate it was on, for his tenants. Since his house was demolished it is the only extant remnant of that estate. Its overall design is of Dutch origin, but the kitchen design indicates that it was used by Palatine German immigrants. Vandalism and theft have cost it some of its original finishings, but it has retained its integrity. In 2005 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a 2.7 acre parcel of land on the east side of Flatbush Road just south of the onramps to NY 199 and the western approach to the Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge. The area is mostly open fields or woodlots, with a few other houses roughly 0.3 mile (500 m) south along the same side of Flatbush. The house is set back about 200 feet (60 m) from the road, with large trees screening it from view. An unpaved driveway leads to it from the road, making a small circle in front of the house.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story building of limestone rubble blocks white from lime washing. The gabled roof is shingled in asphalt; clapboard fills the gable fields on the side elevations. Two brick chimneys pierce the roof along with two gabled dormer windows in the center of the south side.</p><br>
<p>The south (front) elevation reflects the three phases of the house&#39;s construction. At the east end is a shed-roofed porch and the main entrance. In the center is a pair of large 12-over-12 sash windows in casements, with a smaller pair of windows followed by a secondary entrance at the north end. All the windows have solid wooden shutters painted red and green. The west profile has two windows, one on each story, with the east having double that. On the north (rear) elevation there are only two windows in the west and center.</p><br>
<p>Each section of the house is essentially an open room. The center section was partitioned into smaller spaces, and the east section is slightly below the floor level of the other two. The east and center sections have fireplaces, the latter with a wooden Georgian mantel. Exposed ceiling beams support the garrets above. The western and center sections are connected by a battened door with wrought iron strap hinges and pancake nailing plates.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1751–1770: Original construction</h3><br>
<p>Benjamin Ten Broeck I, who built the house, was the great-grandson of Wessel Ten Broeck, who had come to the New Netherland colony in 1626 with Peter Minuit. In 1748 he built his manor house (since demolished) near the site where three years later he built the first section of present house, intended to house tenant farmers on his land. A family named Felten, probably the descendants of early 18th century refugees from the Palatinate region of Germany, were the first tenants.</p><br>
<p>Ten Broeck built the house in accordance with Dutch vernacular building traditions as they had been adapted by settlers in the area. Among those was an open jambless hearth in the center of the space for cooking and heating purposes. This section was probably open originally and subdivided later. The second phase, the western section, continued the line of the house in the Dutch fashion when it was built in 1765.</p><br>
<p>The placement of trimmer beams on the west wall of the 1765 addition suggests that the original plan called for another jambless hearth on that side. But no hearth support exists below, and it is likely instead that the plan was changed during construction to allow for a cast iron stove on a masonry support that could be heated with coals drawn from the fireplace in the center room. This arrangement, called a Stube, is typical of German houses of the time and suggests that the occupants of the house were of that national background.</p><br>
<p>The last phase, the eastern wing, was probably built around 1770 although the style of the contemporaneous mantel addition in the center suggests it could have been as late as 1790. The change to the center fireplace was probably a result of the new wing being conceived as a kitchen.</p><br>
<h3>1777–present: Changes and preservation</h3><br>
<p>In 1777, British ships on the Hudson River fired on the Ten Broeck house during the burning of Kingston. The family took refuge in the farmhouse while the main house was repaired.</p><br>
<p>After the Revolution, most of the estate remained in Ten Broeck family hands until the early 20th century. Their residency on it is less clear. One account has it that Elizabeth Maraquat, Benjamin Ten Broeck I&#39;s granddaughter, remained in the main house until 1820. The earliest recorded deed for the land it sits on, however, is from 1803 and describes it as being sold by a Johannis Snyder of Kingston to William Prince of Fairfield County, Connecticut. Snyder, whom the deed indicates was living on the land at the time, is believed to be the younger brother of Maria Felten. This suggests the former tenants had already taken title to the property by that time.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 the main house was demolished, leaving the tenant house the only remnant of what was once a large estate north of Kingston. Three decades later, in 1936, the house was documented for the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS). Photographs taken of it at that time show that there were no trees around it.</p><br>
<p>Shortly afterwards, in 1939, a Kingston antique dealer visited the house. He was gathering artifacts for the Winterthur Museum in Delaware, and succeeded in exchanging a historically accurate window casement for one of the originals. He also offered to buy the interior door but the owner at that time, a farmer named Steven Chmura, declined.</p><br>
<p>Since then, in periods of vacancy between ownership, the house has been subject to theft and vandalism. This cost it the original shutters and the door between the central and western sections. Around 1990 the western door was closed off and all the floorboards replaced with similarly-designed modern wood. The current owner has also had to replace the window casements.</p><br>
<p>Silverhill is an artificial hill near Teversal in Nottinghamshire, and is one of the highest points in the county at 204.3 m. Originally it was a mine spoil heap on the site of the former Silverhill colliery which closed in the 1990s. It was subsequently landscaped in 2005 by Nottinghamshire County Council, with tree planting, numerous footpaths, and a viewpoint. It is now known as Silverhill Woods, and is one of a number of recreation sites in the area. These are linked together by multi-user trails, many of which incorporate the track beds of disused railway lines which once served the various local collieries.</p><br>
<h2>Viewpoint</h2><br>
<p>The high point allows for panoramic views over five counties; landmarks such as Lincoln Cathedral and Bolsover Castle can be seen from the summit. The site also overlooks the Elizabethan Hardwick Hall, as well as the more modern M1 motorway. The flat area of the viewpoint was originally laid out with stone blocks, at the ordinal points of the compass. A bronze statue of a kneeling coal miner with a Davy lamp was a later addition, located on a rock plinth in the centre of the viewpoint. The sculpture, called Testing for Gas, was created by artist Antony Dufort as "A tribute to the Miners of the Nottinghamshire coalfields", commemorating coal mining at the 85 Nottinghamshire collieries. Listed on the base are the names of the principal collieries in the county 1819–2005.</p><br>
<h2>Highest point in Nottinghamshire</h2><br>
<p>Silverhill was designed to be the highest point in the county, albeit an artificial one, and this was achieved by adding an extra five metres of height during the landscaping work that ended in 2005. The peak was listed with an elevation of 205 m, although the County Surveyors measured it at 204.4 m.</p><br>
<p>This claim was later disputed, with the suggestion that Strawberry Bank near Huthwaite was the highest natural point, with others highlighting Newtonwood Lane, on the western edge of the county, as another possible contender. In order to ascertain the correct location, a combination of optical levelling and GPS survey of the three points was carried out in 2010. The height for Strawberry Bank was measured at 202 m, Silverhill as 204.3 m, and the results showed that Newtonwood Lane was the highest point at 205 m.</p><br>
<p>Strawberry Bank does have its own plaque and viewpoint declaring it as highest natural point in the county. The site at Newtonwood Lane, although unmarked at a location on the edge of a service reservoir, is also considered to be natural and is now the county top.</p><br>
<p>Bussell Island, formerly Lenoir Island, is an island located at the mouth of the Little Tennessee River, in Loudon County, near the USA city of Lenoir City, Tennessee. The island was inhabited by various Native American cultures for thousands of years before the arrival of early European explorers, and is currently home to Tellico Dam and a recreational area. Part of the island was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its archaeological potential in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Native American habitation of Bussell Island dates to the Late Archaic period (c. 3000–1000 BC). The island is believed to have been the location of the capital of Coste—a Mississippian-period chiefdom visited by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1540—and was later part of the domain of the Overhill Cherokee. In 1887 and 1919, archaeologists conducted extensive excavations at Bussell Island and identified its archaeological importance. The island was drastically modified in the 1970s when the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) built Tellico Dam.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Bussell Island is situated where the Little Tennessee River joins the Tennessee River, just over 601 mi upstream from the mouth of the latter. The island originally stretched for about a mile up the Little Tennessee, but the construction of Tellico Dam across the islands west river channel in the 1970s created a reservoir that flooded the southern two-thirds of the island. To contain the reservoir, an earthen levee was built along the islands new south shore and across the islands east river channel, connecting the island to the mainland. TVAs construction of a canal connecting the Tellico and Fort Loudoun reservoirs severed this section of the mainland, thus creating a new island that stretches for about a mile east-to-west, and touches three TVA lakes—Fort Loudoun, Watts Bar, and Tellico.</p><br>
<p>Lenoir City is located along the Tennessee River opposite Bussell Island. USA Route 321 (Lamar Alexander Parkway) crosses the islands new eastern half, and State Route 444 (Tellico Parkway) traverses the center of the island, with the two roads intersecting on the islands eastern tip. US-321 crosses via the J. Carmichael Bridge, which spans both Fort Loudoun Dam and the canal.</p><br>
<p>John W. Emmert, who conducted excavations on the island in 1887, stated that the original island covered 200 acre, and rose to a maximum of 15 ft above the river. Emmert described the island&#39;s banks as "steep" with "heavy timber and much cane growing along them." Emmert also noted that the island was occasionally submerged when the Little Tennessee flooded, and noted that his excavation work was interrupted by one such flood which submerged the island to upwards of 12 ft.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistory</h3><br>
<p>The earliest known inhabitants of Bussell Island lived during the Late Archaic period (c. 3000–1000 BC), and occupied the island sporadically throughout the Woodland period (1000 BC – 1000 AD). Archaeologist Mark R. Harrington, who conducted extensive excavations in the area in 1919, called these early inhabitants "Round Grave" people, due to their practice of burying their dead in small, round graves. The Round Grave people used tools made of animal bone and stone, and used both steatite vessels and simple pottery.</p><br>
<p>The successors to the Round Grave people at Bussell Island were a people Harrington simply called the "Second Culture." This culture was part of what is now known as the Mississippian culture, which flourished in the upper Tennessee Valley between 900 and 1600 AD. The Mississippian people of the upper Tennessee Valley are known for their large platform mounds and conical burial mounds, including several found on Bussell Island and the surrounding mainland. Bussell Island&#39;s Mississippian inhabitants used triangular flint arrowheads, celt axes, and wore ornaments made from copper and seashells (the latter suggesting trade with coastal regions).</p><br>
<h3>Coste</h3><br>
<p>In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto embarked on an expedition across what is now the Southeastern United States, then called "La Florida," in hopes of finding a route to Mexico. Marching north from Florida, De Soto passed through modern South Carolina and North Carolina before turning west and crossing the Blue Ridge Mountains via the Nolichucky Valley into East Tennessee. After resting for several weeks at the prominent village of Chiaha (near modern Douglas Dam), De Soto continued down the French Broad River and Tennessee River to the village of Coste, centered around Bussell Island, arriving at its outskirts on July 1, 1540.</p><br>
<p>De Soto held a friendly meeting with the chief of Coste on July 2, but relations quickly soured after the Spaniards pillaged some of the Costeans&#39; storehouses, and several Costeans attacked the Spaniards with clubs. De Soto then devised a ruse in which he kidnapped the chief and held him hostage for several days. After the chief promised to assign guides and porters to the expedition, De Soto departed on July 9. The expedition continued up the Little Tennessee to the village of Tali (near modern Vonore), and eventually found its way south to Coosa, in northern Georgia.</p><br>
<p>The inhabitants of Coste, like the inhabitants of Chiaha, spoke a Muskogean language similar to that used by the later Creek and Koasati tribes (linguist Charles Hudson suggests that the term "Koasati" may have been derived from "Coste"). Coste was probably part of the Coosa chiefdom&#39;s sphere of influence, which stretched from the upper Tennessee valley south into central Alabama. In 1567, another Spanish explorer, Juan Pardo, visited the villages of Chalahume and Satapo further up the Little Tennessee Valley, but turned back before reaching Coste.</p><br>
<h3>Cherokee and Euro-American history</h3><br>
<p>In the mid-18th century, more than a dozen Cherokee villages—known as the Overhill towns—were scattered along the lower 55 mi of the Little Tennessee River, among them the villages of Chota and Tanasi. The village of Mialoquo, the lowermost of the Overhill towns, was located about 17 mi upstream from Bussell Island. Harringtons excavations on Bussell Island uncovered numerous Cherokee graves—identified by the graves "rectangular" shape and the presence of European trade goods such as glass beads—although no known major Cherokee villages were located on the island. Henry Timberlake, who traveled up the Little Tennessee in 1761 on a peace mission, met a Cherokee head man named Slave Catcher near the mouth of the Little Tennessee, but makes no mention of the island.</p><br>
<p>Throughout most of the 19th century, Bussell Island was known as "Lenoir Island," after William Ballard Lenoir, who established a large plantation and cotton mill at what is now Lenoir City. In 1887, John W. Emmert conducted the first major excavations at Bussell Island for the USA Bureau of Ethnology. By the time Harrington excavated the island in 1919, the island had come into the possession of the Bussell family, who operated a ferry along the opposite river shore in Lenoir City.</p><br>
<h3>Tellico Dam project</h3><br>
<p>The Tennessee Valley Authority, charged with building a series of dams to generate hydroelectricity and control flooding in the 1930s, initially wanted to build Fort Loudoun Dam downstream from the mouth of the Little Tennessee, thus creating a reservoir that would expand across both the upper Tennessee River and lower Little Tennessee River, but engineers were unable to locate a suitable downstream site for a dam. They instead built the dam about a mile upstream, and made plans to build a dam at the mouth of the Little Tennessee—known as the Fort Loudoun Extension—which would divert water to the Fort Loudoun reservoir and increase that dam&#39;s generating capacity. Due to lack of funding, however, the Fort Loudoun Extension project was shelved until the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>TVA revived interest in the Fort Loudoun Extension—renamed the Tellico Dam project—in 1964, although they met immediate opposition from a group of citizen activists that included environmentalists, historical conservationists, and Native Americans. Construction of the dam began in 1969, but litigation stalled its completion until 1979, allowing the University of Tennessee to conduct extensive excavations at sites throughout the Tellico Basin. As a result of these excavations, several sites were added to the National Register of Historic Places for their archaeological potential, among them Bussell Island, designated 40LD17.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<h3>J.W. Emmert (1887)</h3><br>
<p>Emmerts excavations for the American Bureau of Ethnology took place in 1887, and were discussed in the bureaus 12th Annual Report, published in 1894. Emmert focused on two mounds on the north end of the island, known simply as Mound 1 and Mound 2. Mound 1 was 100 ft in diameter and 6.5 ft high, and described as "thoroughly worked over." Emmert uncovered 14 skeletons in Mound 1, along with pottery fragments, flint chips, glass beads, and an iron bracelet. Mound 2 was slightly larger than Mound 1, but was flanked by a diamond-shaped terrace 570 ft long and 8 ft high which Emmert believed to be man-made. Excavators uncovered 67 skeletons in Mound 2, as well as a burnt-clay tumulus surrounded by irregular cedar-post formations.</p><br>
<h3>M.R. Harrington (1919)</h3><br>
<p>In 1919, Tennessee state archaeologist Mark Harrington boated down the Tennessee River to investigate a series of mound structures scattered along the river between Lenoir City and Hiwassee Island (about 100 miles downstream from Bussell). Like Emmert, Harrington focused on the north end of the island, although he noted that the mounds Emmert excavated had been leveled. Of the 41 burials uncovered by Harrington, 9 were of the older "Round Grave" culture, whereas the remainder were attributed to the later Cherokee inhabitants. Harrington suggested that the large diamond-shaped terrace mentioned by Emmert was actually a massive midden deposit that had accumulated over several centuries.</p><br>
<p>Harrington described the graves of the Round Grave culture as measuring 2 to 3 feet in diameter, with the bodies folded and compacted to fit in the graves. Typical burial goods included bone awls, steatite bowls, and animal teeth. The Cherokee graves were rectangular, with the bodies laid in a flexed position. Typical Cherokee burial items included earthenware vessels, glass beads, and pipes.</p><br>
<p>The Bond District is a collection of historic buildings located in the district of North Kohala on the island of Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The district has three sections: the homestead of missionaries Ellen and Reverend Elias Bond (1813–1896), Kalahikiola Church, and the Kohala Seminary.</p><br>
<h2>Ellen and Elias Bond</h2><br>
<p>Elias Bond was born in Hallowell, Maine on August 19, 1813. His father was also named Elias Bond (1774–1864), son of Colonel William Bond who served in the American Revolutionary War, and his mother was Rebecca Davis. He graduated from Bowdoin College in Maine in 1837, and from Bangor Theological Seminary in 1840. He married Ellen Mariner Howell September 29, 1840 in Hallowell, Maine and was ordained the following day. The Bonds had 11 children born in Hawaii (but only 9 lived to adulthood). Mrs. Bond died May 12, 1881 and Reverend Bond died July 24, 1896.</p><br>
<p>The Bonds sailed on the ship Gloucester from Boston November 14, 1840 with the Ninth Company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The ship arrived in Honolulu in May 1841 where he observed the construction of Kawaiahao Church. They were assigned a remote outpost on the northern coast of the Big Island of Hawaii, in the area known as the Kohala district.</p><br>
<h3>Bond House</h3><br>
<p>An earlier missionary to Kohala, Reverend Isaac Bliss (1804–1851), had just completed building the main house for the homestead compound when the Bonds arrived in June 1841. Bond described it as made from "native wood and plaster on stone foundation with a good cellar." By 1842 he had expanded it to about 40 ft by 36 ft.</p><br>
<p>The next addition was built of stonework similar to the Kawaiahao Church. The fieldstones were held together with burned coral mortar, to add a wash house, foundations for a woodshed and carpenter sheds, an archway, and courtyard walls, all around a large open space. Around 1845 a kitchen wing was added, with a stone foundation and wooden walls.</p><br>
<p>By 1848 the Foreign Missions Board wanted to reduce its financial support, so Bond offered to forego a salary if they would let him have the house which he had improved. Instead, the Board asked him to pay them $500 for it. But because of the changes in property law called the Mahele, Bond legally took personal title to the house. He would eventually expand the homestead and buy about 1,400 acre of the ancient land division (ahupuaa) called Iole. Leases from farmers on the land provided a steady source of income.</p><br>
<p>In 1853 another wing was added to the house, about 40 ft by 20 ft. Masonry walls were finished with lime plaster inside and out. At various times a workshop, other outbuildings and a lily pond were added. The original thatched roofs were replaced by corrugated metal.</p><br>
<p>His son Benjamin Davis Bond (January 21, 1853 – November 2, 1930) finished medical school at the University of Michigan in 1882, and returned to live in the homestead.</p><br>
<p>A doctor&#39;s office was attached to the house in 1884 for his practice. In 1889 Dr. Bond married Emma Mary Renton (1866–1951), and a wood-framed cottage was added at the east end of the main house for them.</p><br>
<p>A small shed was expanded to shelter a horse carriage and single horse stall, to be ready for emergency medical calls.</p><br>
<p>Around 1900, the family added modern bathrooms, servants&#39; quarters, and larger stables. A rock-crusher and power-house first produced gravel for paving the roads of the estate from their own quarry, and then was converted to process macadamia nuts grown on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Kalahikiola Church</h2><br>
<p>The first building for Christian missionaries in Kohala was a thatched hut in an area called Nunulu, 20&deg;12&prime;13&Prime;N latitude, 155&deg;49&prime;21&Prime;W longitude, built by Bliss in 1837, which was destroyed by a storm in 1840. The second thatched structure built on the present Kalahikiola site, called the Iole mission station, was repaired by Bond, and replaced with a wooden framed building in 1846. That was also demolished by high winds in 1849. The congregation would take five years to build a sturdier structure. Kalahikiola Church, dedicated on October 11, 1855, was made from stone and mortar entirely by hand.</p><br>
<p>The main structure is a rectangle about 40 ft by 80 ft, with a 16 ft square wooden tower that was added about 1858.</p><br>
<p>The Kalahikiola church was built a bit further south past the Bond homestead, at 53-540 Iole Road - off of Akoni Pule Highway 20&deg;13&prime;20&Prime;N latitude, 155&deg;47&prime;39&Prime;W longitude. The name comes from ka lā hiki ola meaning roughly "the day of salvation approaches" in the Hawaiian language. It was also called the "Kohala Hawaiian Church" since services were held in the Hawaiian language until 1950. The first church to offer services in English was called the "Foreign Church".</p><br>
<p>However, by the time the church was finished, the congregation was shrinking due to epidemics and emigration of laborers to employment outside the district. Since Bond personally owned the land, he formed his own "Kohala Sugar Plantation", also known as the "Missionary Sugar Plantation" to support his efforts in 1862, and employ locals.</p><br>
<p>He convinced the company Castle & Cooke, founded by former American Missionaries, to buy 3,000 acre. The first sugarcane crop was harvested in 1865, and by 1867 it adopted a less authoratarian management style, compared to other sugar plantations in Hawaii that had slave-like conditions. The mill was built downhill from the homestead, in an area known as halaulu, 20&deg;14&prime;3&Prime;N latitude, 155&deg;46&prime;41&Prime;W longitude. By the 1880s the profits made him the largest contributor to the support of other missions.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was finally shut down in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Also in 1973, an earthquake caused cracks in many of the masonry foundations and walls, but the building was repaired. The church suffered even more major damage after the 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake; one wall was reduced to a pile of rubble. Governor Linda Lingle met with members of the church at the site in a tour of the damage.</p><br>
<p>The congregation decided to rebuild, using an insurance settlement and donations. Construction finally began in November 2008, more than two years after the damage. The 30 in thick walls were replaced with concrete blocks covered in plaster to resemble the older irregular stones.</p><br>
<p>the senior Minister was the Rev. George W. Baybrook</p><br>
<h2>Kohala Seminary</h2><br>
<p>Originally the Bonds operated separate boys and girls schools. The boys constructed their own thatched structure, and Mrs. Bond taught the girls in the house.</p><br>
<p>After raising about $2500 in 1873, work was begun under carpenter D.F. Stanford on a site just uphill and inland from the church, 20&deg;13&prime;15&Prime;N latitude, 155&deg;47&prime;46&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The girls&#39; boarding school called the Kohala Seminary had its first class in December 1874 with 13 students.</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth M. Lyons, daughter of Lorenzo Lyons of the Imiola Church in Waimea, served as first Principal. She named the school "Mauna Oliva" after the Mount of Olives. In September 1878, about 30 of the 57 students contracted typhoid fever, and only 47 were able to continue the year. An additional classroom building was added, with the original building turned into a dormitory.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 Lyons was forced to return and care for her father, and another epidemic reduced enrollment.</p><br>
<p>The school was briefly closed, but opened again in 1887 under the Hawaiian Evangelical Association. The curriculum slowly evolved from preparing students to be wives and mothers, to instead be teachers or other professionals. Enrollment grew, as a high school diploma offered better employment opportunities near the end of the 19th century. Additional wings were added in 1890 and 1891, and it was remodeled after a fire in 1894. It was known as the "Select School for Girls" because of its high standards. However, after Kamehameha Schools opened a girls school in 1894, it raised the question if the Kohala Seminary was still needed. However, Kamehameha Schools only accepted Native Hawaiians, and its Hawaii island campus would not open until 2001. In 1926, the dormitory was used for girls at the new public Kohala High School. In 1955 it was finally closed, and used only for rare private functions and rental units.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin Bond closed his medical practice in 1925 and moved to Hilo, Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>Other children born at the homestead were Ellen Mariner Bicknell (1841–1922), George Shepard Bond (1844–1917), Elias Cornelius Bond (1846–1918), Thomas Spencer Bond (1849–1883), William Lee Bond (1851–1925), Caroline Sophia (1854–1943), Julia Page Bond (1857–1938), and Abbie Steele Bond (1859–1943).</p><br>
<p>The Bond family is buried in Waianaia Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>By 1967, the school was re-acquired by the Bond family from the church, since it was not being used and had fallen into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>On July 22, 1977 the district was listed as the state of Hawaii historic site 10-02-7100, and on March 30, 1978 added as site 78001016 to the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii. After all the children of Elias and Ellen Bond died, some grandchildren preserved the house with its original furnishings and used it as a retreat. Its remote location made it unique: the only missionary station in Hawaii to be owned by one family for over 150 years.</p><br>
<p>Land was donated July 19, 1927 by Caroline S. Bond for the Kohala public library, named the "Bond Memorial Library". A small 1,610 ft&sup2; building from 1929 was replaced by a larger one constructed in 2009. Descendant Dorothy Bond was the first librarian. The estate was purchased in 1999 by the New Moon Foundation.</p><br>
<p>After spending several years stabilizing and restoring the buildings, their plans for an educational center were delayed because of the 2006 earthquake damage. some trails were open to the public in the area.</p><br>
<p>The West House is a historic house at 229 Beech Street in Helena-West Helena, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, built in 1900 for Mercer Elmer West by the Clem Brothers of St. Louis. The house exhibits stylistic elements of both the Colonial Revival, which was growing in popularity, and Queen Anne, which was in decline. It has a wide porch supported by Ionic columns, with a spindled balustrade. The house&#39;s corners are quoined. The main entry is flanked by slender columns supporting an architrave, and then by sidelight windows topped by a transom window. A Palladian window stands to the right of the door, and a bay window with a center transom of colored glass stands to the left.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Richardson-Bates House is a historic home located at Oswego in Oswego County, New York. It is constructed primarily of brick and built in two stages. The main section is a -story,Tuscan Villa style brick residence with a gable roof and 4-story tower designed by noted architect Andrew Jackson Warner about 1867. The interior features carved woodwork by Louis Lavonier.The house was built for Maxwell B. Richardson, a real estate attorney, insurance broker and two term mayor of Oswego. The house was originally an addition to the Richardson family homestead, a Greek Revival style wood frame house built in the 1840s. Richardson and his widowed mother Naomi Richardson, his divorced sister Harriet Richardson Bates and her son Norman Bates were the original residents of the house. In 1887, the old family homestead was demolished to make way for a new south wing. The South wing addition included a private library, formal dinning room and kitchen that was completed in 1889.</p><br>
<p>The house and its contents were donated to the Oswego Historical Society in 1947.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Rose Garden Palace is a mansion and garden in Old Dhaka. Built in the late 19th century, it became birthplace of the Awami League in 1949, when East Bengali liberal and social democrats converged in Dhaka to form an alternative political force against the Muslim League in Pakistan.</p><br>
<p>The property is situated on K.M. Das Lane in Tikatully of Old Dhaka, near the modern business district of Motijheel. The mansion was built by a landlord (zaminder) Hrikesh Das. He lived in the mansion for a decade. Later in 1927, he became bankrupt and sold the mansion to landlords of Nabinagar and Brahmanbaria. Due to the unfortunate death of Zamidar Boshuruddin Sarkar of Nabinagar, the family had to sell the mansion to a businessman.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rose Garden Palace was built by a Hindu zamindar Hrikesh Das in the late 19th century. Around that time jalsas (parties) held at Baldha Garden were an important part of the social life of the city&#39;s wealthier Hindu residents. The story goes that Hrishikesh, a zamindar of lower caste background, being insulted on this account by someone at one of the jalsas at Baldha Garden, decided to create his own garden to outshine that of Baldha. Here he staged jalsas of his own. The centerpiece of the garden is an elegant pavilion. However, this was not created as a residence, but rather a setting for entertainment such as musical performances (although subsequent owners did use it as a house). This extravagant lifestyle caused Hrikesh to go bankrupt and he was forced to sell the property.</p><br>
<p>The palace was bought by Khan Bahadur Kazi Abdur Rashid from Hrikesh in 1936 and renamed the building Rashid Manzil. His eldest son Kazi Mohammed Bashir (Humayun) who carried his name and fame until this generation.</p><br>
<p>The building, which remains a private property to date, has been renovated by its owners keeping the original character fully maintained. At present it is owned by Qazi Abdur Raqib, Barrister, who has leased it out to the Bengal Motion Picture Studios Limited.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Rose Garden Palace is situated at Tikatuli near the Baldha Garden which is in Gopibug area. The exact location is at the K.M Das Lane of Tikatuli.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building has Corinthian columns and has eight apartments including a central hall on its ground floor. The upper floor has a further five apartments including a large dance hall in the middle. In the front yard, there was a fountain originally, the structure of which still remains. There are several classical marble statues in the garden, although the rose garden that gave the mansion its name does not exist anymore.</p><br>
<p>The lodge contains on the ground floor eight apartments including a 30’-0” + 15’-0” central hall whilst the upper floor has a further five apartments including a large dance hall measuring 45’-0” + 15’-0” in the middle.At the back of the building to the east there is a verandahanda triple-arched entrance porch which leads to a staircase for the upper storey. Originally there was an ornamental fountain in the garden and a number of classical marble statue.</p><br>
<h2>Present condition</h2><br>
<p>Visitors are allowed to visit the place as an afternoon refreshment spot. The owners mentioned that they wish to maintain the building and they have no plans to use them as their residential quarters nor to make this a profit-based tourist spot.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Hamiduzzaman Khan, a sculptor and painter, has illustrated a book called Rose Garden. The book contains sketches in pen-and-ink, crayon and watercolor of this landmark property. The text has been written in English by Kazi Ahmed Sajed.</p><br>
<p>Sturdivant Hall, also known as the Watts-Parkman-Gillman Home, is a historic Greek Revival mansion and house museum in Selma, Alabama, United States. Completed in 1856, it was designed by Thomas Helm Lee for Colonel Edward T. Watts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of what is now known as Sturdivant Hall began in 1852, but was not completely finished until 1856.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold at auction for $12,500 in January 1870 to Emile Gillman, a prominent Selma merchant. The Gillman family owned the house until 1957, when it was sold to the City of Selma for $75,000. A large share of the money for buying the house came through a $50,000 bequest from the estate of Robert Daniel Sturdivant, with a provision for setting up a museum in the city. The mansion was turned into a house museum after the purchase and named in honor of Sturdivant. The property continues to be maintained into the present day by the City of Selma, Dallas County, and the Sturdivant Museum Association.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story brick structure, stuccoed to give the appearance of ashlar. The front facade features a monumentally scaled hexastyle portico utilizing 30 ft-tall Corinthian columns. The front portico is accessed from the second floor by a cantilevered balcony with an intricate cast-iron railing. Identical front doorways on both levels feature elaborate Greek Revival door surrounds with full Corinthian columns to each side of the door.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations of the house feature a small cantilevered balcony on one side and a wide first floor porch surmounted by another balcony on the other. Both make use of elaborate cast-iron structural and decorative elements. The rear elevation is dominated by a monumental distyle in antis portico with two Doric columns. A kitchen, smokehouse and two-story servants&#39; quarters are set at right angles to the rear portico, forming a semi-enclosed courtyard to the rear of the house. A low pyramidal hipped roof covers the main block of the house, as well as the front and rear porticoes. It is crowned by a small cupola.</p><br>
<p>The interiors of Sturdivant Hall reflect the growing taste for opulence in the United States during the 1850s. The first floor has elaborate plasterwork and millwork throughout, with the drawing room and ladies parlor being the most detailed. They both feature door surrounds with Corinthian columns and are ringed by paneled pilasters, topped by plaster cornices. The main entrance for the first floor enters a L-shaped front hall, with a cantilevered staircase in the side portion of the hall. Other rooms on the first floor are the dining room, gentleman&#39;s parlor, and the warming room. The second floor houses a T-shaped hall and four bedrooms. From there, another cantilevered stair leads to an attic-level landing. From this landing a spiral stair winds around a central pole up to the cupola.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>The house has at least one ghost story associated with it. Sturdivant Hall is featured in a short story by Kathryn Tucker Windham, in her 13 Alabama ghosts and Jeffrey. The story, “The Return of the Ruined Banker”, involves John Parkman and the purported return of his ghost to the house after his death.</p><br>
<p>The Mountain Home Range is a north-south trending mountain range in western Beaver County in southwest Utah, United States. It is part of the Basin and Range Province. It is bound by Hamlin Valley to the west, Snake Valley  to the north, Pine Valley to the east, and trends into the Indian Peak Range to the south. Collectively, the Mountain Home Range and Indian Peak Range are known as the Needle Mountains due to their jagged nature.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak in the range, known simply as the Needle benchmark, is 9,480 ft tall.</p><br>
<p>The range is very uncommonly used by humans, and is more known for wildlife and wild horses.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The northern part of the range is made of Paleozoic carbonate rocks which are part of a long structural trend of rocks that go through the Burbank Hills, Conger Range, and Confusion Range. This is highlighted by a massive (30 by 50 mile) syncline. The southern part of the range is made of mid-Tertiary ignimbrites from the Indian Peak Caldera Complex.</p><br>
<p>The Dey Mansion,  located in modern-day Wayne, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, and originally known as "Bloomsburg Manor," played an integral role in the American Revolutionary War. Built by Col. Theunis Dey in the 1770s, it served as Washington&#39;s Headquarters on several occasions. Today, the Dey Mansion is currently open year-round with guided public tours Wednesday through Sunday. For more information and schedule of tours and events please visit Dey Mansion on The County of Passaic website or Facebook page.</p><br>
<h2>Dey Family History</h2><br>
<p>In 1641 Dirck Janszen Siecken Dey, a soldier for the Dutch West India Company, was the first of his family to settle in the colonies. His grandson Dirck Dey, a Dutch born planter, purchased 600 acres of land in Preakness Valley, now Wayne Township. By 1764 Dirck passed the mansion onto his son Theunis. Theunis along with his wife, Hester Schuyler, raised ten children in the mansion. Theunis was a political figure who served on the state council by representing Bergen County and was a member of the charter trustee at Queens college, now Rutgers University. He also served as a Colonel in the Bergen County Militia during the American Revolution. It was during his service in the militia that he came into contact with George Washington. This led to Theunis to offer his mansion to serve as Washington&#39;s headquarters in 1780.</p><br>
<h2>Washington's Preakness Valley Headquarters</h2><br>
<p>George Washington stayed at the Dey Mansion during the American Revolution as one of his Headquarters. This area of the Preakness Valley was chosen because its location, as well as its abundance of food and forage in the surrounding area. On two separate occasions the Dey Mansion served as Headquarters for Washington, once from July 1 through July 28, 1780 and again from October 8 through November 27, 1780.</p><br>
<p>During his stay Washington and his advisers which included Alexander Hamilton, Robert H. Harrison, Tench Tilghman, David Humphreys and James McHenry used the four rooms on the south-eastern side of the mansion for their bedrooms as well as their military war rooms. Washington also had numerous visitors while at the Dey Mansion, those of which include the Marquis de Lafayette, General Anthony Wayne, Major General Lord Stirling, Benedict Arnold, General William Howe and the Marquis de Chastellux.</p><br>
<p>Washington&#39;s letters and correspondences during his time at the Dey Mansion totaled 964, for over 1800 written pages. One of which informed him on July 14, 1780 that the French allied support had landed at Newport, Rhode Island. Washington left on July 28 to join them. While at the Mansion, Washington also issued the Commission to West Point to Benedict Arnold, a respected soldier at the time.</p><br>
<p>As one of the five aides de camp at the Dey Mansion, Alexander Hamilton would write many letters, both for Washington and for personal reasons. While Washington was out of the Mansion for the afternoon of July 21, Hamilton received an urgent letter from Elias Dayton regarding intelligence. This letter warned that the British had sent "fifty sails of transport" from New York for Rhode Island. Hamilton quickly drafted a letter and sent it to Lafayette in Connecticut and when Washington returned, Hamilton wrote another letter to Rochambeau with a warning. This intelligence information and quick response saved the French fleet and Continental soldiers.</p><br>
<p>Hamilton would also write many letters to his fiance, Elizabeth Schuyler. The two had met that spring and were engaged to be married, but war delayed the ceremony. Hamilton was denied time off for a spring wedding, due to the campaigns and was forced to wait until December to be married. While waiting for the wedding, Hamilton wrote many romantic letters to Elizabeth, hoping she still desired to marry him.</p><br>
<p>During Washingtons time away from the Dey Mansion Major, General Benedict Arnolds treason became evident and his accomplice Major John Andre was hanged in Tappan, New York on October 2. Fearing that the British commander Sir Henry Clinton would seek revenge, Washington moved his army once again to the Preakness Valley&#39;s Dey Mansion, and arrived on October 8, 1780. He stayed there until November 27, 1780 when he moved his headquarters and a portion of his army to Morristown, New Jersey. Alexander Hamilton would leave the Dey Mansion with Washington, but would travel to Albany, where he would wed Elizabeth Schuyler on December 14, 1780.</p><br>
<h2>Layout of the mansion and surrounding property</h2><br>
<p>The Dey Mansion is of Georgian style architecture with English and Dutch influences, and was built on a 600-acre lot in Preakness Valley, now Wayne, New Jersey. The mansion was built facing the south in order receive sunlight. Each floor of the two story mansion features a long and wide center hall with multiple rooms on each side and an attic that spans the entire length of the mansion. The original kitchen was separate from the house and burned down sometime in the 19th century. A new kitchen was built next to the house as a WPA project in the 1930s, which accurately represents a colonial summer kitchen for a wealthy family. In the home today, a full restoration of the mansion was completed in 2016 however, most of the original wood frames and floors still exist. The Mansion sits on the 377 acre property of the Preakness Valley Park, with features built onto the property, including a forge, plantation house, spring house, and a courtyard in the middle of the three buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Dey Mansion through the years</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Theunis Deys grandson, General Richard Dey, sold the mansion and remaining 335 acres land in 1801. Since then sixteen different families have owned the mansion and land until the County of Passaic purchased it. Besides the Dey family, another family of notoriety to live here was the Hogencamp, who was the first mayor of Wayne Township. The family lived in the house for almost fifty years and is buried in the family cemetery on the property. Theunis Deys daughter, Ann, is also buried in the family cemetery, but it&#39;s unknown if any other family members are buried here.</p><br>
<p>List of Family Owners from its Construction to Present</p><br>
<p>1740-1801 Dey,</p><br>
<p>1801-1813 Neafie,</p><br>
<p>1813-1861 Hogencamp,</p><br>
<p>1861-1864 Yeoman,</p><br>
<p>1864-1865 Gillen,</p><br>
<p>1865-1866 Tainter,</p><br>
<p>1866-1875 Millington,</p><br>
<p>1875-1883 Howe,</p><br>
<p>1883-1889 Heeseman,</p><br>
<p>1889-1891 Islieb,</p><br>
<p>1891-1892 Heeseman,</p><br>
<p>1892-1901 Petry,</p><br>
<p>1901-1902 Heeseman,</p><br>
<p>1902-1906 Belcher,</p><br>
<p>1906-1907 French,</p><br>
<p>1907-1909 Murphy,</p><br>
<p>1909-1912 Wright,</p><br>
<p>1912-1918 Pfister,</p><br>
<p>1918-1930 Alsheimer,</p><br>
<p>1930–Present Passaic County Parks</p><br>
<p>On January 10, 1930 the Passaic County Parks Commission acquired the land, and on October 8, 1934 it was opened for visitors. Among the guests invited to its opening was President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and although he was unable to attend he wrote a letter in which he said, "You have made a real contribution to the history of the nation"(See picture of letter). In 1970 the Dey Mansion was entered into the New Jersey Register of Historic Places as well as the National Register of Historic Places. As of 1987 the Dey Mansion has been open to the public as a Museum and it is owned and operated by the County of Passaic Department of Cultural & Historic Affairs. It serves as a meeting place and reenactment center for many historic groups such as the Hester Schuyler-Colfax Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. On February 22, 2016 the newly restored Dey Mansion was rededicated by Passaic County. The Dey Mansion is currently open year-round with guided public tours Wednesday through Sunday. Events and lectures are also scheduled throughout the year and publicized on Facebook. For more information and schedule of tours and events please visit Dey Mansion on The County of Passaic website or Facebook page.</p><br>
<p>Wah Wah Valley is an endorheic  valley within the Basin and Range of west-central Utah. It is bound by the Wah Wah Mountains to the west and south and the San Francisco Mountains to the east. The northern part of the valley bifurcates around the southern end of the House Range, leading into Tule Valley to the northwest and the Sevier Desert-, to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The Wah Wah name comes from Wah Wah Springs, on the eastern slope of the Wah Wah Mountain range. Wah Wah is reported to mean "good clear water".</p><br>
<p>The lowest point in Beaver County is located just south of the Wah Wah Hardpan (dry lake), at the Millard County line.</p><br>
<p>The valley is sparsely populated today, but it has had residents in the past, like in the ghost town of Newhouse. These people moved here for mining, but later, the region was used for grazing.</p><br>
<p>Indian God Rock is a large boulder in the northwestern part of the USA state of Pennsylvania. Located near the unincorporated community of Brandon, it lies along the Allegheny River in Venango Countys Rockland Township. It is significant for the large petroglyph on one of its sides. Because of the petroglyph, the rock has been an explorers landmark, a tourist attraction, and an object of scholarly investigation.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>One of many large boulders lining the banks of the Allegheny River in Venango County, Indian God Rock is composed of sandstone and measures approximately 22×14×10 feet, or 7×4×4 meters by another measurement. As sandstone is an easy material to carve, the rock was an ideal surface for the creation of rock art.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Among the fifty-five different figures present on Indian God Rock include geometric shapes and depictions of humans and animals in a range of positions. approximately 7.5 mi to the east.</p><br>
<p>The date of the petroglyph is uncertain; it is believed to have been carved at some point after AD 900, but most likely after 1200. The terminus ante quem for its creation is 1749, when it was recorded by multiple members of a French expedition along the Allegheny. At this time, the rock was plainly invested with religious meaning; according to one member of the expedition, accompanying Native American guides "regarded the rock with superstitious reverence." Besides recording the rock and their disdain for the "savages" who created it, the expedition placed two lead plates at the site as evidence of their presence. During the nineteenth century, Indian God Rock became a popular tourist attraction — steamships on the Allegheny would often stop to allow their passengers to examine the petroglyph.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<h3>Deterioration</h3><br>
<p>In recent decades, the Indian God Rock has suffered significantly from erosion and vandalism. Since the nineteenth century, visitors have cut their names into the rock, and recent years have seen the use of spray paint by some individuals. Although archaeologists have highlighted the carvings in the past, the figures are now somewhat difficult to see.</p><br>
<h3>Recognition</h3><br>
<p>In the twentieth century, Indian God Rock became the object of significant archaeological investigation for the information potential of its carvings. Its place as the first Ohio River valley petroglyph to appear in written records and the continued scholarly attention to its carvings has caused it to be seen as the premier example of monumental rock art in its region. The United States Forest Service has recognized the rock as one of the most significant of the seventy-five Native American archaeological sites in the portion of the Allegheny River that has been designated a National Wild and Scenic River. In 1984, it was further recognized when the National Park Service added it to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Accessibility</h3><br>
<p>In 1982, the rock lay on the right-of-way for a railroad line operated by the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. Today, the rail line is closed; instead, the Middle Allegheny River Water Trail passes near the rock, and hikers can view the rock from a lookout along the trail. As in the nineteenth century, Indian God Rock is also visible from watercraft on the Allegheny River.</p><br>
<p>The Cornelius H. Evans House is located on Warren Street in downtown Hudson, New York, United States. It is a brick house dating to the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of Evans, a local brewer and businessman who served two terms as the city&#39;s mayor. His descendants remained in the house for 80 years. After being used as a synagogue and community center for short periods, it has returned to residential use. On November 1, 1974 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a contributing property to the Hudson Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the north side of Warren Street, a few lots east of North Fourth Street. The level ground starts to slope up gently to the east. The neighborhood is urban and densely developed, with houses of a similar vintage on the north side of the street and mixed-use development opposite. There is a small front yard, set off by an iron fence, on the 0.75 acre lot. Parking is in the rear.</p><br>
<p>Two and a half stories high and five bays wide, the house is faced in brick with sandstone window trim. A three-story tower is attached on the west side. At the roofline of the main block is a bracketed cornice. Above it is a mansard roof with gabled dormer windows shingled in fish-scale polychrome slate, pierced by two brick chimneys on the eastern side. The tower has a similarly treated pyramidal roof whose flar top is crowned with a finial.</p><br>
<p>The south (front) facade has a small wooden hood on its centrally located main entrance, reached via a small set of stone steps. Ivy climbs up the southeast corner almost to the roofline and on the west side of the main entrance. Above it the central window on the second story has a classical treatment, with two flanking pilasters and a dentiled pediment. The dormer window above it has two flanking smaller windows.</p><br>
<p>On the three-bay east side a bay window with narrow windows projects from the center of the first story. Above it is a round window. The roof has two dormers at the ends; the chimneys rise between them. The tower has circular and round-arched windows. Besides the tower the west profile is marked by an enclosed veranda.</p><br>
<p>The interior follows a center hall plan. The hallway has the main staircase and original wainscoting. Scrolled archways lead into the flanking spaces, and the floor is decorated in a raised-pattern wallpaper with a pattern resembling tooled leather. The molded woodwork, white marble mantels, stained glass, brass doorknobs and interior shutters are all original.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robert Evans, Cornelius&#39;s father, built in the house in 1861, when his son was 20. The older man had, a quarter-century earlier, bought a brewery in the city dating to 1796. Since then he had expanded it fourfold. The house was his statement of success and commitment to the city of Hudson. Its architect is unknown, but it shows the influence of James Renwick, who in the years before had pioneered the mansard-roofed buildings that evolved into the Second Empire style with the original Corcoran Gallery in Washington and, closer to Hudson, Main Building at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie. The Evans House applies those ideas to a smaller, residential structure.</p><br>
<p>The year before the house was built, Cornelius Evans had joined the family business as a clerk. Four years later, in 1865, he became a member of the corporation and, on his father&#39;s death in 1868, took over as its head. Under his leadership the company grew even more. Sales of its major product, Evans India Pale Ale, were so high that the company opened its own bottling plant next to the brewery in 1889. Within a year the bottling plant had to be doubled in size to keep up with demand.</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Evans succeeded his father as a civic leader as well, serving as a director of National Hudson City Bank, as Robert had. In the 1870s he was elected to two non-consecutive two-year terms as the city&#39;s mayor.</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Evans Jr. inherited the house when his father died in 1902. The brewery had to close in 1920 when Prohibition began. When Cornelius Jr. died in 1941, his son Roland sold the house out of the family. Five years later that owner sold it to Congregation Anshe Emeth, a local synagogue, for use as a house of worship and community center. In 1970 it was sold again and returned to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The Harriet Phillips Bungalow is located on NY 23B on the western edge of Claverack, New York, United States. It is a stucco-sided frame building dating from the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>A strong example of an American Craftsman Bungalow, it is possible that the house may have been built as a catalog home sold—not by Sears—but by an Iowa company that preceded Sears in offering full kits that included materials and designs for such homes. In 1997 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house is on the eastern side of Route 23B, slightly north of Willmon Road on the opposite side. The property includes a small front lawn. The surrounding neighborhood is residential, with most other houses built in the early or mid-twentieth century. At the lot&#39;s southeastern corner is a garage that is similar in style and material to the house. It is considered a contributing resource to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The bungalow is a one-and-a-half-story frame structure on a foundation of poured concrete. It is faced in stucco. Wide overhanging eaves, supported by occasional paired brackets, mark the line of the side-gabled roof that is shingled in asphalt and pierced by large dormer windows in the front and rear. The other roof lines have similar treatments. A brick chimney rises on the eastern side. The northern (front) facade has a full-length porch with an arched support.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the front entrance, offset slightly to the east, has a screen door and a beveled-glass front door. The entrance leads into a first floor, which is divided into four large spaces: a front hall with a staircase, living room, dining room, and kitchen. A Tuscan order columned archway leads into the living room from the hall. Double French doors separate the living room from the dining room, which has a bay window on the western wall. The landing between the first floor and the half-story has a stained glass window.</p><br>
<p>Many original finishes remain. Most reflect the Arts and Crafts styles of the era, particularly the leaded glass in the window panes and the clear slash grain Douglas fir woodwork, especially the full-height kitchen cabinets. Other early twentieth century styles influenced the interior decoration, however. The columned entrance to the living room is a Classical Revival touch, and the turned spindle balusters on the stairway are a sign of lingering Queen Anne influence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bungalows, small houses with broad, sloping roofs, first became popular in California and then spread to the rest of the country. The Phillips house exhibits a primary characteristic of the form, in the recessed porch, which treats the space as more part of the interior than as an appendage. Aspects further associated with the American Craftsman influence are the broad eaves and the use of stucco as an exterior material.</p><br>
<p>It is possible that the house may be a catalog house or "kit house", as they also are known, assembled from prefabricated materials that are sold directly to homeowners. While these houses most commonly are associated with Sears, which made most of them between 1908 and 1940, there were other manufacturers.</p><br>
<p>The Philips bungalow is very similar to a design in the 1923 catalog of another manufacturer, the Gorden-Van Tine Company of Davenport, Iowa, which had preceded Sears in offering a complete package of design and factory-cut materials. Many details and dimensions are identical. The only changes seem to be the elimination of a den on the first floor to allow for a larger bedroom and front hall, and the rearrangement of the staircase and upstairs bathroom to allow for a third bedroom upstairs.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the roof was covered in cedar shake. The porch had been enclosed soon after construction, but that has been reversed. There have been no other significant changes to the house. It has remained a private residence since it was built.</p><br>
<p>Sima Martel  is an enormous sinkhole located on the summit of plateau of Sarisariñama tepui, in Bolívar State, Venezuela. It is unusual due to several factors including its enormous size and depth, location on the top of the only forested tepui and having a patch of forest on its base. Named after speleologist Édouard-Alfred Martel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Together with the neighbouring Sima Humboldt it was first spotted in 1961 by pilot Harry Gibson.</p><br>
<p>It was first explored in 1971, and later was explored more thoroughly in 1976.(In Spanish) Miguel Lentino, Diana Esclasans. "Important Areas for the Conservation of Birds in Venezuela". In: Birdlife and Conservation International. Important Areas for the Conservation of Birds in the Tropical Andes: Priority Sites for the Maintenance of Biodiversity. ("Áreas Importantes Para La Conservación De Las Aves En Venezuela". In: BirdLife International y Conservation International. Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en los Andes Tropicales: sitios prioritarios para la conservación de la biodiversidad.) Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (Serie de Conservación de BirdLife No. 14), S. 621-730, 2005.</p><br>
<p>In total there are four caves on Sarisariñama.</p><br>
<p>The First Columbia County Courthouse is located along NY 23B near the center of the hamlet of Claverack, New York, United States. It is a brick building in the Federal style constructed in 1786 and renovated in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>At that time Claverack was the seat of Columbia County. The courthouse was in use for 20 years until nearby Hudson replaced Claverack as the county seat. Martin Van Buren argued cases there, and Alexander Hamilton may have as well. The Harry Croswell libel case, in which a local journalist was criminally charged for his criticism of President Thomas Jefferson, was first tried here.</p><br>
<p>After its days as a courthouse ended, the building remained in use as a meeting room. It has since been converted into apartments. In 1998 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The old courthouse is on the north side of Route 23B, at the west corner of Old Lane, across the road from the Stephen Hogeboom House, also on the Register. The neighborhood is residential, with many other 18th and 19th century houses. It sits at the front of a 1.5 acre lot. There is one other building, a modern garage, and a structure, a gazebo, on the property. Both of them are of modern construction and thus do not contribute to its historic character.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The courthouse itself is a two-story, five-by-four-bay brick building on a stone foundation. It is topped by a gabled roof clad in seamed metal. Delineating it at the roofline is a broad frieze with modillions and a molded cornice with partial returns.</p><br>
<p>On the north side is a two-story wing that itself has a two-story frame wing, offset to the west. A one-story, one-room flat-roofed addition is on the west side.</p><br>
<p>The south (front) facade is dominated by its main entrance. It has a portico with a flat roof and deep cornice supported by two fluted columns. Sidelights and a transom frame the entry, which consists of two Doric posts supporting a lintel with a molded top edge and applied dentils. The four-panel door is framed by flat surrounds and egg-and-dart molding.</p><br>
<p>On the east there are three windows on the first story and two on the second. The clapboard-filled gable field has a large fanlight. The other two elevations are dominated by their respective wings.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The narrow center hall has two rooms of equal size on either side. It once ran the depth of the building but has since been truncated. The brick wing has been extensively remodeled for conversion into an apartment. In its brick wall the space of the old fireplace, now covered over, can still be seen. It has no cellar. The frame addition has also been remodeled.</p><br>
<p>Considerable support has been added to the cellar. A load-bearing wall runs along the east side paralleling the hallway. Two old chamfered posts have been placed under the southwest room to shore it up.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was used as a courthouse for the first twenty years of its existence. During that time, it saw many notable lawyers of the day and the beginning of one landmark case. Afterwards, it was used as a meeting house and house, with one owner making significant renovations to it. A century after that, more renovations were made, particularly inside, to convert it into apartments.</p><br>
<h3>1786–1806: Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>Columbia County was formed in 1786, with Claverack as its seat. That same year a resident, Gabriel Esselstyne, deeded the land to the county for ₤20. Local mason William Ludlow began construction in July. According to some accounts it took two years to complete, at a cost of ₤3,600. The courthouse was located at the junction of two major routes, the old Indian road across the county that later became the toll Columbia Turnpike (today followed by routes 23 and 23B) and the original Albany Post Road.</p><br>
<p>The court had a small jail annex in the rear, and nearby were a pillory for public whippings and a hanging tree for more serious punishments. The pillory is no longer extant; the location of the hanging tree is not known.</p><br>
<p>While construction was underway, the first sessions were held in 1787, with Judge Peter Van Ness presiding. Attorneys sworn into the new county&#39;s bar included some of the leading lawyers in the state of New York at the time, such as William Peter Van Ness, Ambrose Spencer, Thomas P. Grosvenor and Peter van Schaack, men who later served as judges and public officials of the new state. Martin Van Buren of nearby Kinderhook began his career arguing cases in the courthouse on his way to becoming president. It is very likely that Alexander Hamilton appeared in the building, since he was attorney for his in-laws, who had ongoing litigation in the county over their landholdings in what is now Hillsdale.</p><br>
<p>In the early years of the 19th century, a landmark case in American libel law was first heard in Claverack. Harry Croswell, a young journalist based in nearby Hudson who supported the Federalist Party, had been attacking President Thomas Jefferson and his supporters in a small news sheet called The Wasp. This led to Ambrose Spencer, by then the state&#39;s Attorney General, securing an indictment of Croswell from a grand jury on two charges of violating the Sedition Act in 1803.</p><br>
<p>Spencer prosecuted the case personally, and Croswell was convicted. He appealed the verdict to what was then known as the New York Supreme Court, the states highest. In a six-hour oration in Croswells defense, Hamilton argued that truthful statements could not be libelous. The judges deadlocked, and Croswell was never sentenced or retried. The following year, 1805, the state legislature wrote Hamilton&#39;s argument into state law.</p><br>
<p>That same year, the county seat was moved to Hudson, growing rapidly due to its importance as a whaling center. Cases continued to be heard in Claverack for another year while the new courthouse was built there. Many lawyers and judges continued to reside in Claverack since it was a short distance to Hudson and travel between the two communities did not take long.</p><br>
<h3>1807–present</h3><br>
<p>The courthouse continued to occupy a place of respect within the community after the courts left. Its high ceilings made it ideal for public meetings, and it was also used for education and dances. In 1843 the county sold it. The new owner, Peter Hoffman, a Brooklyn merchant who had retired upstate, introduced some Greek Revival elements in his renovations, most noticeably the front portico, which echoes that of the Hogeboom house across the street.</p><br>
<p>Over the rest of the century, a succession of owners, all like Hoffman formerly residents of New York City, moved in. At some point the frame kitchen wing on the rear was added. Some brought other renovations which give the house a mix of urban (the narrow center hall) and rural aspects. It also has the highest levels of ornamentation of any Federal-era house in the county.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, in the late 1940s, a new owner decided to convert the building into a multiple-unit dwelling. This led to extensive changes to the interior floor plan, particularly in the rear wing. The garage was also added at this time. There have been no modifications since then.</p><br>
<p>Sima Humboldt  is an enormous sinkhole located on the summit of the plateau of Sarisariñama tepui in Bolívar State, Venezuela. It is unusual for several reasons, including its enormous size and depth, its location on the top of the only forested tepui, having a patch of forest on its base and also due to the weathering process that formed this sinkhole. The feature is named after scientist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt.</p><br>
<p>Together with the neighbouring Sima Martel, it was first spotted in 1961 by pilot Harry Gibson.</p><br>
<p>The sinkhole was descended for the first time in 1974 and more thoroughly explored in 1976. Its volume is 18,000,000 m&sup3, with a maximum width of 352 m at its upper rim and 502 m below, and a depth of 314 m.</p><br>
<p>Only 700 metres from the rim of Sima Humboldt there is another enormous sinkhole, Sima Martel. In total there are four caves on Sarisariñama.</p><br>
<p>Virginia House is a manor house on a hillside overlooking the James River in the Windsor Farms neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia, United States.</p><br>
<p>The house was constructed from the materials of the sixteenth-century Warwick Priory in Warwickshire, England, and shipped over and reassembled, completed several months before the stock market crash of 1929. Virginia House is in the Tudor architectural style but incorporates a range of designs from other English houses and has modern facilities such as ten baths and central heating.</p><br>
<p>Virginia House was built by Alexander and Virginia Weddell, salvaging many materials from the Priory and other old English manor houses and adding further elegant English and Spanish antiques, oriental carpets, silks, and silver. Today Virginia House is operated by the Virginia Historical Society as a house museum, although it largely remains as it was in the 1940s during the Weddells’ tenancy. Immediately to the west of the property is Agecroft Hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The façade of Virginia House was originally located on the grounds of the former Augustinian Priory of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem (Warwick Priory) in Warwick, England, founded in 1109. In 1536, at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the priory was shut down and the land later bought by a politician named Thomas Hawkins alias Fisher, during the reign of Edward VI. Fisher demolished most of the monastic buildings and erected the house which he named "Hawk&#39;s Nest," set among gardens. He entertained Elizabeth I at the house. The property was bought in 1709 by Henry Wise, Royal Gardener to Queen Anne. In the mid-nineteenth century, it was purchased by the Lloyds Bank family who put the manor up for sale at auction in 1925.</p><br>
<p>The auction of the Warwick Priory was to take place on September 23, 1925, and was described in the catalogue as a "Highly Important Unreserved Demolition Sale" offering such items as "rare old oak doors, large quantity of floor boards, the whole of the joists and other timbers, and enormous quantities of excellent brick, sandstone, old oak and other beams, timbers and girders". Alexander W. Weddell, a wealthy American diplomat and his wife Virginia Chase Steedman, however, offered a lump sum of £3,500 for the entire remaining structure and secured a deal before the auction was held. The purchase by the Americans caused an outrage in the British press and the Weddells were heavily criticized given that the heritage property was to be demolished. The objection to the purchase was also backed by a Member of Parliament (MP) who proposed that the sale be invalidated in order to prevent this "act of vandalism". However, the motion was rejected and as it gradually became apparent what the Weddels intentions were, on April 13, 1926, another MP, F.G. Rye, sent a letter to Alexander Weddell saying, "Had you not stepped in and bought the materials of the partially demolished structure, they would have been lost for all time, whereas now they will be utilised in the erection of a new building."</p><br>
<p>The Tudor mansion was dismantled but, concerned that the stone would swiftly disintegrate during the demolition phase, Weddells advisers ordered that a small explosive device be triggered in the centre of the house and the undamaged stones salvaged. However, the explosion had the effect of splitting the walls intact meaning that much of the building could be salvaged and shipped to the United States. The first shipments arrived in Richmond, Virginia in early 1926, but they were soaked in seawater and had to be dried in a barn for up to six months. From the very beginning, the Weddells planned on deeding the house to the Virginia Historical Society and allocating the west wing of the structure as a museum once it was rebuilt in Virginia. The Weddells also intended the structure to become the societys new headquarters.</p><br>
<p>Virginia House was constructed in the Windsor Farms neighborhood of Richmond by the General Contracting firm of Allen J. Saville, Inc., although several different architects were employed during the rebuilding. Foundation work began on November 6, 1925 and the structure was officially turned over to the Weddells on January 1, 1929. The total cost of the construction was $236,968.83, with an additional $15,000 spent on buying the lot, a considerable sum for that time.</p><br>
<p>The Weddells lived at Virginia House until they both died in a train accident in 1948. After their deaths the house became the permanent residence of the historical society. On June 13, 1990, Virginia House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to it being considered "a noteworthy representative of a peculiar residential building type prevalent in the late-nineteenth and early- twentieth-century period of American architecture." During this time known as the Country Place Era many wealthy American families built extensive country estates emulating those they had seen while traveling in Europe.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Virginia House is a large, asymmetrical, two-story long rectangular stone building with massive sandstone walls, small medieval windows, characterized by two high Dutch gables that date to the 1620 remodeling of the Thomas Hawkins-era Priory in Warwickshire, England. The adjacent cross-gable roofs and crenelated balustrade over the carriage entrance provide a horizontal cross-axis on either side of the gabled central bays. Two rear ells of the house project into the garden terrace, one of them containing the two-story cathedral-ceilinged library, and the other a drawing room and the master bedroom wing. Polygonal bays and oriel windows project from the north and south sides with heavy perimeter walls constructed of recycled sandstone. Over a window on the west side of the north elevation of Virginia house is a copy of a coat of arms commemorating the visit of Queen Elizabeth I to the Priory in England in 1572. The original coat of arms is currently on display inside. The leaded-glass, quarrel-paned casement windows widely used in Virginia House also feature authentic crown glass dating from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century salvaged from the English priory. The interior of the property is richly embellished with oak furnishings.</p><br>
<p>Although many stones and materials were salvaged and used to rebuild the Hawkins priory in Virginia, the reconstructed house incorporated other designs and influences. Following the acquisition of the Warwickshire property, the Weddells hired chief architect Henry Grant Morse and scouted the English countryside, surveying properties and considering various designs they could incorporate into the rebuilding process. As a result, the reconstruction is not a replica of the original building. The west wing of the house is actually a replica of Sulgrave Manor, a small manor house in Northamptonshire, England, which once belonged to Lawrence Washington, an ancestor of America&#39;s first president, George Washington. However, the center of the house is a reproduction of the original Warwickshire priory and uses the curvilinear gables, strapwork design, and balustrades that the English commonly adapted from the Low Countries in the early seventeenth century. The east wing of the house, however, is based on Wormleighton Manor, a Spencer-Churchill family estate in England.</p><br>
<p>The original boundary of Virginia House property, recorded in the Clerk&#39;s Office of the Circuit Court of the County of Henrico, Virginia, is described as lot 9, Block 41, Windsor Farms, in the plan of Windsor Farms made by Allen J. Saville, Inc., dated September 15, 1926. In 1928, Virginia Weddell requested that a two-story porch be added to expand the master bedroom suite and to build a second-floor sunroom. This was constructed in January 1932 by the contracting firm of Claiborne and Taylor, and was designed again by Henry Morse using Briar Hill sandstone. Further developments were made in the 1930s. On May 29, 1935, a shipment of Cotswold Stone Roofing Slate arrived from England. Thicker, heavier and lighter in color than Virginia Buckingham Slate, the Cotswold slate was used to emphasize the height of the steep roof. On April 14, 1936, an adjacent 7.77 acre lot was purchased to accommodate an expansive landscape plan.</p><br>
<p>In 1941, Virginia Weddell hired architect William Lawrence Bottomley and purchased antique stone columns from the Spanish Duke of the Infantado to reconstruct an ancient Spanish loggia on the southwest elevation of the house. Bottomley was able to incorporate the existing parapets, finials and pierced railings and posts from the north library bay windows into the loggia design, with a ceiling reconstructed from a sixteenth-century house on the grounds of a manor in Knole, Kent, England. Wall tiles were used which indicated use of gunpowder on the original property. Bottomley, however, was quite critical of his own work and believed his loggia was too symmetrical and lacking in the quality of picturesqueness and romance that the rest of the house displayed and proposed an octagonal stairway be added on the outside corner. However, his idea was rejected by the Weddells, and the loggia was completed without the staircase in 1946. Bottomley was paid $10,764 and received a ten percent commission for his drawings and construction.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior to Virginia House is elegant with oak furnishings and an assortment of English and Spanish antiques, oriental carpets, silks, and silverware. The first floor consists mainly of large, elaborate rooms, intended for social meetings and to house the functions and exhibits of the Virginia Historical Society. The second floor was mainly designed to be used as the private living quarters of the Weddells and their staff and featured a large library, which now functions as the boardroom and research facility of the Virginia Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance hall is a grand, high ceilinged room using oak panelling salvaged from the Warwick Priory. The ornate, "L" shaped staircase is actually a reconstruction of the original sixteenth-century staircase of the priory, repurchased from an antique shop in London, and includes an acanthus leaf newel cap and overscaled newel posts in its design. The floor in the entrance hall is fashioned from a composite known as zenitherm, made up of terracotta, asphalt and wood shavings, with tiles arranged in an irregular rectangular formation. The room beyond the entrance hall also uses oak paneling, but uses materials derived from another English manor house in Warwickshire. The floor is made of wide-plank oak and has a fifteenth-century stained glass oval window in the south wall, using leaded glass from the Warwick Priory. A Tudor rose motif, which the Weddells hired Italian artisans to complete in 1925-26, is located on the plaster ceiling. Adjacent to this room to the east is a smaller drawing room, this time with heraldic reliefs on the plaster ceiling and featuring a cylindrical Florentine soapstone fireplace.</p><br>
<p>The rear hall again uses old oak high paneling and has small six by nine inch oil portraits of Renaissance figures. Freestanding Corinthian columns in the hallway form an ornamental gateway and stained glass doors at the end enter the rear porch arcade. The dining room was furnished with oak bought later from Redbourn Manor in Hertfordshire and has an imposing Portland stone fireplace positioned midway in the room. The floor is made of old re-sawn pegged oak and the Tudor rose ceiling motif is repeated. The gallery room, which was to be used for the exhibition of artwork and historic artifacts from the Virginia Historical Society collection, is located in the northwest corner of the house, and furnished with vertical oak paneling and a zenitherm floor. In the southeast wing of the house is the Sulgrave Room, a reproduction of the great hall from the Washington family&#39;s Sulgrave Manor. The fireplace mantel is made of an oak beam, once used at the original priory. Heavy oak timbers were used to construct the open beam ceiling in this room, which also features mottled plaster walls.</p><br>
<p>The grand second floor library room is also of major note, with a high cathedralesque ceiling and a grand conference table previously used for board meetings by the Virginia Historical Society. As with the Sulgrave Room, the mantelpiece is made from the Hawkins manor oak and is notably carved with an Old English inscription that reads, "O ye fyre and heate bless ye the Lord." Behind the library panelling is a secret hidden passage, added at Alexander Weddells request, leading to his private study. The rest of the second floor consists of living quarters and bathrooms, including many rooms of staff of the Virginia Historical Society and Virginia Weddells bedroom, bath, and study.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>Virginia House is set in carefully planned landscape gardens, which contain a diversity of plants and plantings. Virginia Weddell hired the noted landscape architect Charles Gillette in 1927, and over some twenty years he built more than 8 acre of scenic gardens containing close to 1,000 types of ornamental plants—from formal spring displays to wisteria, roses, and sprawling hydrangeas that drape balconies and garden rails. The first phase of the plan was to create an informal</p><br>
<p>Tudor-style garden on the original 1 acre site that the Weddells purchased for the house site, using a steeply sloping southern hillside by creating interconnecting cascading ponds, flagstone walkways and terraced garden beds. In 1932, the second phase reworked the original concept by overlaying a cross-axis and planting further beds for flowers such as tulips and iris. The third phase of the plan took place in 1939, when the Weddells purchased a large adjacent piece of land on the southern side of the house down towards the James River. Gillette extensively planted grass and positioned evergreens in an asymmetrical pattern which he believed would demonstrate a romantic mirroring of the rambling architecture of the house. As of 1990, Gillette&#39;s original blueprints and notes are preserved in a collection at the Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library at the University of Virginia. Garden Week tours are held in Virginia House gardens in the spring, attracting thousands of visitors annually.</p><br>
<p>Alcovy Mountain is a monadnock in the USA state of Georgia similar to Kennesaw Mountain in the city of Marietta. It is located in Walton County four miles south of the city of Monroe. With a summit elevation of 1,128 ft, the mountain is the highest point in Walton County, and is the southeasternmost mountain of significance in the Appalachians.</p><br>
<p>The terrain around the mountain averages roughly 750 ft AMSL. Alcovy (pronunciation: al-CO-vee) Mountain rises steeply from the banks of the Alcovy River, which arises farther north, in Gwinnett County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name of Alcovy Mountain comes from the river that flows north to south directly west of the mountain. The native Muskogean Indians named the river "Ulcofauchatchie", meaning "a river among the bog potato", otherwise known as the pawpaw tree. As different accented tongues of European immigrants settled in this area, "Alcovy" latter became the name. Although this river flows for over 50 miles until its confluence as a tributary of the Ocmulgee River, these lowland "bog potato" swamps only occur for less than a dozen miles around the mountain. Today, like several other low mountains in the area, Alcovy is privately owned and access is prohibited. However, twenty miles West in southeast Atlanta are three other monadnocks that are protected. These mountains have large rock outcrops that have merited their conservation. They are Arabia Mountain, Panola Mountain, and the world-famous Stone Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Atløy or Atløyna is an island in Askvoll Municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway.</p><br>
<p>The island lies about 700 m west of the mainland coast, just west of the village of Askvoll on the mainland. The 37.7 km&sup2; island has no road connections to the mainland, but there is a regular ferry route. Most of the inhabitants on the island live right along the coast.The largest population centres on the island are Vilnes on the southwestern coast, Sauesund on the southeastern coast, and Hærland on the northwestern coast.</p><br>
<p>Vilnes Church (Vilnes kyrkje) is a medieval wooden church located in the village of Vilnes. It was constructed in 1674 and has a seating capacity of 130. The church was built following plans drawn by architects Johan and Claus Lindstrøm. Restoration was carried out during the 1950s</p><br>
<p>Mavrochori , until 1927 known as Tisova , is an abandoned village in the Drama regional unit, Greece. The settlement, which became part of the community of Mylopetra in 1931, was dissolved in 1940.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mavrochori is situated in the Chech region on the South-Western slopes of the Rhodope Mountains, about 1,5 km south of the Pochan River near the border with Bulgaria. The nearest populated villages are Brashten and Tuhovishta in Bulgaria and Potamoi in Greece. The ruins of the village of Pochan are on the other side of the Pochan River. Mavrochori consists of two quarters - the newer Tsiropska and the older Parpelska where, according to one of the legends, Mehmed Sinap once lived. The main Roman road from Thrace to Thessaloniki passes through the Tsiropska quarter where a Roman bridge is to be found.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village has been first mentioned in an Ottoman document from 1464-65 under the name Tisina with Papelova. Papelova or Papil later became integrated part of the village and the name evolved to Parpelska Mahala. In this document all inhabitants of the two villages are listed. The population consists of Muslims and non-Muslims. The Muslims are just one family where the non-Muslims are 31 households, 6 unmarried and 4 widows. The village is mentioned once again in 1478-79 as Tisova with non-Muslim population: 85 households, 6 unmarried and 4 widows. The village appears again in a registry from 1519 with 46 households, 9 unmarried and 5 widows. Tisovo is also mentioned in 1530 with its population consisting of both Muslims and non-Muslims. The Muslims are 2 households and 1 unmarried whereas the non-Muslims are 37 households, 6 unmarried and 4 widows. Tisovо is also mentioned in an Ottoman Jizya registry from the 13th of March 1660. The register lists the number of Jizya units for each village of the Nevrokop Wilayah whereas Mavrochori (Tisova) is listed as a village with 15 such. The village is mentioned again in 1723 with 16 Muslim households and a Mosque.</p><br>
<p>The village is also mentioned in the book Ethnographie des Vilayets d&#39;Andrianople, de Monastir et de Salonique published in 1878 which lists the number of the male population as of 1873. Mavrochori (Tisovo) is registered as a village with 140 male Pomaks and 50 households. According to Vasil Kanchov, as of the end of the 19th century, there were 200 houses in the village. He mentions that Mavrochori (Tisovo) is the largest village in Chech and that a weekly bazaar was held near the village. In his book Macedonia — ethnography and statistics published in 1900 Kanchov writes that the number of the inhabitants of Tisovo is 400 - all of them Pomaks. At the end of the 19th century Mavrochori (Tisovo) is mentioned as a village with 162 male Pomak inhabitants and 50 houses by Stefan Verković.</p><br>
<p>After the Balkan Wars Mavrochori was acceded to Greece in 1913. The village (Tisovo, Τίσοβα) was populated by 682 inhabitants in 1913 according to a Greek statistic. According to the statistic from 1920 at that time the village had 405 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>In 1923/4 the Pomaks were expelled from the village to Turkey and settled in the town of Demirköy according to the Treaty of Lausanne and Greek refugees from Turkey were settled in their place. Up to 1928 the number of the refugees settled in Mavrochori had reached 47 and the number of the Greek families 15. In 1927 the name of the village was changed from Tisova (Τίσοβα) to Mavrochori (Μαυροχώρι). In 1928 the population had reached 187 inhabitants (including about 40 soldiers stationed at the border outpost in the village) and in 1940 - 87 inhabitants (including about 20 soldiers).</p><br>
<p>The village was abandoned during the Greek Civil War and was never reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>Billy Hobby&#39;s Well is in Grosvenor Park, Chester, Cheshire, England. Its canopy is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Grosvenor Park was developed on land given to the city of Chester by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster in the 1860s. The land consisted of fields on the north side of the River Dee overlooking the river. The largest of these fields was known as Billy Obbies&#39; Field. This field contained a spring or well that was believed to have magical powers; maidens stood with their right leg in the water and wished for husbands. As part of the development of the park, the Marquess commissioned the Chester architect John Douglas to design a number of features for the park, including a canopy for the well. The structure is now used as a pump house for the water garden in the park.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The canopy is built in red and buff sandstone ashlar. It stands on a square plinth and has canted corners. Each face has a pointed arch flanked by a granite column containing wrought iron bars. The voussoirs of the arches include carved roses. On each corner is a small carved circle containing carved sheafs and portcullises. The roof consists of a tiled spire, and at its apex is a lead finial surmounted by a copper fish which acts as a weather vane.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph T. Smitherman Historic Building, also known by a variety of other names throughout its history, is a historic Greek Revival building in Selma, Alabama. Completed in 1847, it has served many functions in the more than 160 years of its existence. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 20, 1975, due to its architectural and historical significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was completed by the Selma Fraternal Lodge No. 27 of the Free and Accepted Masons in 1847.</p><br>
<p>The trustees of the Henry W. Vaughan estate purchased the building for $5,025 in 1904. In that same year they leased the former courthouse to a new school, the Selma Military Institute. The military school used the building until 1908, when it moved to what is now the administration building at the United Methodist Children&#39;s Home on North Broad Street. The trustees then converted the space into a new hospital, Vaughan Memorial Hospital, in 1911. The hospital occupied the building until 1960, when a new hospital building was completed on West Dallas Avenue. The building sat vacant and neglected until 1969, when the City of Selma, Dallas County, and the Selma Housing Authority purchased it for $82,500. This was done under the leadership of Joseph T. Smitherman, the mayor of Selma at the time. The facility reopened as the Historic and Civic Building on May 16, 1971. It was renamed in honor of Smitherman by the Selma City Council in 1979, for his role in preserving and restoring the building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story red brick structure is built in the Greek Revival-style that was popular at the time. It is most notable for its centrally placed tetrastyle portico, utilizing monumental Ionic columns. The exposed brickwork of the seven bay facade utilizes the stretcher bond, with a belt course between each floor. The pedimented portico covers the three central bays, with balconies at each upper level stretching the width and depth of the covered area. The wrought iron balcony railings utilize a design with an open diamond pattern, also known as a crowfoot baluster.</p><br>
<h2>Vaughan-Smitherman Museum</h2><br>
<p>The building is now home to the Vaughan-Smitherman Museum. The first floor contains the museum&#39;s Civil War collection and documents relating to slavery. The second is dedicated to a political collection. The third floor is set up as a hospital, as it may have appeared while in use as Vaughan Memorial Hospital. Additionally, the museum has mid-19th century antique furniture, a collection of Native American artifacts, meeting rooms for clubs and civic groups, and parlors for social events.</p><br>
<p>The Yamase Building at the corner of Moana Road and Kaumualii Highway in Waimea, Kauai, was built around 1921 by an itinerant Japanese temple architect for Seiichi Yamase, a nisei son of Japanese immigrants. Despite being the only structure of its kind in Hawaii, it well represents both commercial architecture in rural Hawaii and the contribution of immigrants to the growth of commerce there. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Corner buildings with curved facades are rare, but not unknown in Hawaii. However, most of them are masonry, not wood frame constructions, and no other such curved corner sits beneath a cantilevered, rectangular, Japanese-style (irimoya) hip and gable roof. The cantilevered, wrap-around balcony on the upper floor follows the curve of the walls beneath, serving the same function as the verandah walkways around traditional Japanese homes. The upper-story doors are also paned sliding doors, like Japanese shōji. Upper-story balconies were typical of many small family-owned shops, where the family lived above the shop.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor has two sets of double doors, each providing access to a separate commercial space. The building first housed a branch of Sumitomo Bank, but has also housed at times a shoe store, barber shop, liquor store, and other small businesses. Its current tenants are a mortgage company and a sandwich shop.</p><br>
<p>The building has sustained some flood damage over the years, and very severe wind damage during Hurricane Iwa in 1983 and Iniki in 1992, but has since been restored to good condition.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Hogeboom House is located on NY 23B in Claverack, New York, United States. It is a frame Georgian-style house built in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>It was renovated in the mid-19th century, with several Greek Revival embellishments, but otherwise remains intact. In 1997 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house is on a 1.1 acre lot at the southeast corner of Route 23B and Stone Mill Road. It slopes down slightly at the south end toward Claverack Creek. Across the highway is the First Columbia County Courthouse. There are two outbuildings on the property, a garage and a wellhouse. A row of large, mature trees is planted on the east side of the lot. The neighborhood is residential, with houses from different eras.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Two stories high, the house is five bays wide and two rooms deep. It is sided in narrow weatherboard. A deep, plain cornice delineates the overhanging eaves of the steeply pitched gabled roof pierced by pairs of brick chimneys at either end near the roof crest.</p><br>
<p>On the north (front) facade, the centrally located main entrance is sheltered by a Greek Revival portico, with two tapered columns supporting a deeply corniced roof. The paneled door has glass sidelights and transom with a flat arched top, echoed on the window above it. There are two porches on the south (rear) facade, a small shed-roofed modern one and larger, ornate one with scalloped cornice and Regency-style latticework. Four unevenly placed eyebrow windows are on the second story.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, the main entrance opens onto a wide central hallway with pedimented arches on the doors and windows. All the fireplaces have Doric mantels. On the first floor, double doors (hinged on the east and sliding on the west) separate the front and rear rooms. A tall narrow cupboard is built into the entry recess of the northeast parlor.</p><br>
<p>A plain staircase leads up to the second floor. There, closets separate the front and rear rooms. Paneled doors from the houses original construction open onto the bedrooms. The southeast bedrooms chimney was built to serve a stove; all the other rooms have fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>Enclosed stairs lead to the attic. It is one large space, running the width of the house with exposed post-and-beam framing under the high roof. Corbels support the chimneys, also exposed, in the gable ends. Two layers of old wallpaper on the rear wall suggest that the space was once servants&#39; quarters.</p><br>
<p>The cellar is also one large space. Its ceiling framing suggests that double fireplaces now on the side walls were originally located in the center of the house. The floor has supported this observation.</p><br>
<p>Staircases lead from the cellar and second story to the rear kitchen wing. It has its original cooking hearth, complete with crane, and a brick oven that protrudes slightly from the rear wall. A small pantry made from old panel doors and other reused woodwork is in the passageway to the main block. A steep, turning staircase leads up to the garret.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>The larger of the two outbuildings, the garage, is a frame building roofed in asphalt on the south side of the house. It is one and a half car widths wide, and accessed from Stone Mill Road. Since it is of more modern construction, it is not considered a contributing resource to the property&#39;s historic character.</p><br>
<p>Closer to the house, near the kitchen door, the wellhouse is considered contributing as it appears it was built during the mid-19th-century renovations. It is frame, with a gabled roof and uses beaded posts and wainscoting.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Local tradition has it that Jeremiah Hogeboom built the house in 1784 for his son Stephen, then 40 years old. Historical records, such as property tax rolls, show otherwise. Hogeboom had been married for 20 years at that time, to Hilletje Muller, daughter of Cornelius (whose nearby house is still extant and also on the National Register). Tax rolls in 1779 show him living on a small house near the corner of that property, a house shown on maps as late as 1799. It is thus much more likely that the current house was built after the courthouse across the street, which dates to 1786.</p><br>
<p>At that time the intersection was the center of not only the hamlet of Claverack but Columbia County as well. Stone Mill and Old roads were the original route of the Albany Post Road, the main north-south route through the county, and combined with the road now followed by routes 23 and 23B made, the main east-west road, it was the crossroads of the county and thus the ideal location for the courthouse until Hudson was designated the new county seat in 1805. The Hogeboom House was equal in scale and form to the courthouse, making it as much of a landmark as that building.</p><br>
<p>Stephen Hogeboom was active in local politics. He served as Claveracks town supervisor in the late 1780s, and ex officio on the countys Board of Supervisors, then in the state legislature as both an assemblyman and state senator. His son Kilian was also county clerk.</p><br>
<p>Upon his death in 1814, his will provided that Kilian receive a separate house and property. His daughters and their descendants lived in the house for another 40 years. In 1854, the property was sold to a Peter Best of Stuyvesant for $4,000 ($ in contemporary dollars).</p><br>
<p>It is likely that it was Best who made the renovations in the then-popular Greek Revival mode. The house&#39;s roof is pitched more steeply than usual for that style (as the narrow weatherboard siding is unusual for Claverack), but otherwise it lent itself well to the renovations. The fireplaces were moved from the center of the basement to the walls, the upstairs closets installed and the rear porch and wellhouse added. The kitchen wing remained unaltered. A front portico that echoes one installed in a contemporary renovation to the courthouse was also added.</p><br>
<p>Best&#39;s family lived in the house for the remainder of the 19th century. Throughout the 20th and 21st, it has remained a private residence in the hands of several owners. The garage has been added, as well as the smaller, shed-roofed rear porch. There have been no other significant changes to the building.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln–Tallman House is a historic house located in Janesville, Wisconsin. Built and constructed by the Tallman family, the house was once host to overnight guest USA President Abraham Lincoln.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Tallman was a lawyer working in the East when he bought 4,476 acre of land in Wisconsin Territory in the late 1840s. on a 3 acre bluff overlooking the Rock River on what was then the north edge of Janesville. High-quality materials included Cream City brick, cast iron on the windows and black walnut doors with hand-carved panels. It contained many modern conveniences of the time, such as central heating, gas piping installed for lights, running water, walk-in closets with built-in storage drawers and an indoor privy. The original cost was $33,000. Additional work finished in 1870 brought the total to $42,000. The 60 ft house has six floors and 20 rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Tallman family resided there from 1857 to 1915. They donated the house to the city in 1950 on the condition that it be operated as a public museum.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln visited Janesville October 1–3, 1859, a year before he was elected president. He had come to Rock County from Milwaukee, where he had spoken at the Wisconsin State Fair.</p><br>
<p>The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1970. as a museum, it depicts upper class life in the latter half of the 19th century. More than 75% of its furnishings are original to the home.</p><br>
<p>Tallman House 3.JPG</p><br>
<p>Tallman House 4.JPG</p><br>
<p>Tallman House 2.JPG</p><br>
<p>The George and Dragon is a public house in the village of Great Budworth, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Great Budworth is a village that was formerly in the estate of Arley Hall. In the later part of the 19th century, its owner, Rowland Egerton-Warburton, undertook a "campaign to restore the village and render it picturesque in Victorian eyes". The George and Dragon was at that time a simple three-bay Georgian inn. In 1875 Egerton-Warburton commissioned the Chester architect John Douglas to undertake the restoration. Douglas added tall rubbed chimneys, mullioned windows and a steep pyramidal turret.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The inn has three bays and is in two storeys. It is built in brick with a roughcast rendering on the upper storey. The roofs are hipped and covered in clay tiles. The central bay consists of a two-storey porch which projects forwards. Its lower storey has an elliptical-headed doorway, and in the upper storey is a four-light mullioned window. Each lateral bay has a four-light mullioned window in the lower storey and a three-light mullioned window in the upper storey. A tall rubbed brick chimneystack rises from the left side of the roof. Diagonally from the right corner is the inn sign. The cut-out pictorial sign itself originated in Nuremberg while its ornate wrought iron bracket was made by the estate blacksmith. On each side of the porch is an oak post-and-rail fence inscribed with a number of sayings. Above the inner door is a stone containing a verse written by Egerton-Warburton. Internally, in the bar, is a stone inscribed in Latin and the date 1722.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The George and Dragon continues to trade as a public house and restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Skogsøy is an island in Mandal municipality in Vest-Agder county, Norway. The island is separated from the mainland by the Skogsøysund strait which is about 500 m long and about 30 to 70 m wide. There is one bridge, Skogsøysundbrua, which connects the island to the mainland. The Skogsøysundbrua is 8 m long and 2 m above the water. The islands of Skjernøy and Pysen both lie about 3 km to the west and southwest respectively.</p><br>
<p>The island has a long history, ranging hundreds of years back in time. The name "Skogsøy" could be directly translated to "forest island". Even though there is a considerable amount of forest on the island, it has nothing to do with the name.</p><br>
<p>Skogsøy is the original site of the company Skogsøy Båtbyggeri, a boat building company. Skogsøy Båtbyggeri was purchased by Båtservice Gruppen in 2006, and all boat production was moved off Skogsøy to other locations.</p><br>
<p>Alaska Central Railroad Tunnel No. 1, also known as the Loop District Tunnel No. 1 is a historic railroad tunnel located about 40 mile north of Seward, Alaska, in the Placer River Valley, Kenai Peninsula. The tunnel was dug in 1906 and served the Alaska Central Railroad and later the Alaska Railroad until the route in the area, known as the "Loop District" was rerouted in 1951.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, the Alaska Central Railroad began a rail project north from Seward. The company encountered the most significant geographic obstacles to construction between 47 and 53 mi north of Seward, a section known as the "Loop District", where the line would need to cross a high-point in the Kenai Mountains and avoid the paths of two glaciers. A survey line was completed in between 10 and 15 ft of snow during the 1904–05 winter. Between March and November 1905, engineer Frank Bartlett determined sites for the structures needed to complete the route. At Mile 48.2 the route traveled through the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel was part of a section of the route that turned 235 degrees. The tunnel curved at 14 degrees per hundred feet and approximately 100 degrees of the turn was completed within the tunnel. Upon exiting the tunnel, the route crossed a 1,600 ft trestle that was between 40 and 90 ft high and completed the remaining 135 degrees of the curve.</p><br>
<p>Construction began on January 16, 1906. The first 250 ft was dug using a steam-powered drill. Despite good progress made with the steam drill, the heat from the steam caused the tunnel to become too hot, and pneumatic power was used beginning April 28. Drilling was completed on September 25 on the tunnel finished on October 8. The total cost of labor and materials was US$96,782.66.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, a survey crew for the Alaska Engineering Commission studied the area for a proposed government railroad and to assess the Alaska Central line. The Commission recommended that the Alaska Central line be purchased by the state, and it was incorporated into the state&#39;s Alaska Railroad. The state extended the line north to Anchorage.</p><br>
<p>The Loop District and Tunnel #1 were difficult and expensive to maintain, especially during the winter season. During the winter, a crew of men were stationed at the tunnel to operate a steam heating plant and large doors that had been installed at either end of the tunnel to keep the tracks inside from freezing. With rising costs associated with keeping the tunnel operable and the task of replacing many declining trestles, the railroad undertook a $1 million project in 1951 to relocate the route around Loop District between Miles 47.5 and 50.8 north of Seward. The retreat of Bartlett Glacier made a new route possible. The completion of the new route and dedication on November 6, 1951 made the Loop District route obsolete.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 28, 1977 and is in the possession of the Chugach National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The Dutch Tea House is in the grounds of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by the Chester architect John Douglas for the 2nd Earl Grosvenor (later the 1st Duke of Westminster) in 1872. It stands at the north end of the Dutch Garden which was designed by C. E. Mallows.</p><br>
<p>The tea house has a cruciform plan. It is a timber-framed building on a red sandstone plinth with a red tiled roof that rises with a concave profile to a point. On the apex is a large lead finial with a small weather vane. At the front is a verandah, the tearoom is in the centre and to the left, and the kitchen is on the right. The wooden posts supporting the verandah are carved, and above these is a pargetted frieze. A flight of six steps leads down to the Dutch Garden.</p><br>
<p>Eilean Fladday  is a previously populated, tidal island off Raasay, near Skye, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Eilean Fladday lies off the north west coast of Raasay, across Caol Fladday (Kyle Fladda), which dries at half-tide.</p><br>
<p>Once a thriving crofting community, the island now only has three cottages which are used by the families who own them for about seven months a year The population is recorded as 29 (1841), 51 (1891), 12 (1951) and 12 (1971). A subsequent appeal to the Education Department to provide a school, was successful only after a rate strike. Raasay crofter, Calum MacLeod (who later built "Calum&#39;s Road") constructed a track from Torran to Fladda between 1949 and 1952. This did not stem the exodus from the island and the last families left Fladda in 1965.</p><br>
<p>Market House, also known as The Market Hall and The D.L.& W. Hall, is a historic market building located at Oswego in Oswego County, New York. It was built in 1835 and is a massive brick and stone structure overlooking the Oswego River. The structure originally housed several government entities including city hall. A new city hall was constructed in 1870 and completed in 1872. A section of the basement is believed to have been used as a jail. In 1864 the city sold it to the Oswego and Syracuse Railroad, that used it for the next 80 years as office and storage space. The railroad upgraded the building with a bracketed cornice and elaborate cupola.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The structure is privately owned, and a bar located on the north-most section of the first floor, named "Old City Hall" has been there for many years.</p><br>
<p>The Cornelius S. Muller House is located along NY 23B in Claverack, New York, United States. It is a pre-Revolutionary brick house in a Dutch Colonial style with some English influences.</p><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, it was the meeting place of the local Committee of Safety and a site for courts martial. In 1840 it was renovated, but it has otherwise remained intact from its original time period. In 1997 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house is on the south side of Route 23B, along the north side of a 5.5 acre lot, the remnant of the former farm. It is very close to the roadway. The neighborhood is residential, with many tall trees and other houses of 18th and 19th century construction. Across the street is the former Trinity Episcopal Church, an early-20th-century building now listed on the Register as well. There is one small outbuilding in the rear, considered a contributing resource to the house&#39;s Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a 1½-story, two-by-four-bay structure with brick walls in an English cross bond on a stone-and-brick foundation. It is topped by a gambrel roof clad in wood shingles pierced by two shed dormer windows on the ends with two brick chimneys above either one. On the rear a one-story addition sided in clapboard runs the length of the house.</p><br>
<p>On the north (front) façade the gray and red paneled Dutch door that serves as the main entrance is located in the second bay from the west. It is sheltered by a replica stoop, with a set of small stone steps leading up to it. The windows all have splayed wood lintels, painted red, and paneled shutters in gray and red, matching the door. Between the bays are a set of metal anchors forming the numbers "1767". Below the westernmost bay is the cellar door, with a small barred window looking into it below the eastern bay. The east and west profiles both have only two windows, both on the attic level</p><br>
<p>Inside, the main entrance leads into the eastern of the two rooms on the first story. It has an enclosed staircase in the southeast corner, and a fireplace surrounded by raised wooden panelling. The eastern room has exposed beaded ceiling beams and a partially jambed fireplace. Some of the house&#39;s original red clay floor tiles are in the hearth.</p><br>
<p>The attic has had its layout modified since the original construction. It has the original wide plank wood flooring and the original lath and plaster walls.</p><br>
<p>A 1½-story surviving outbuilding is to the rear of the house. It is built of heavy timber frame on a stone foundation, sided in clapboard and roofed in metal. Since it is likely related to the original agricultural use of the property, it is considered a contributing resource to the house&#39;s historic character.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There were many Mullers, a family descended from both Dutch and Palatine German settlers in the region, in Claverack in the 19th century. Maps later in that era indicate clearly that this parcel was that of Cornelius S. Muller. Unlike most of his neighbors, he supported the Revolution and was a member of the local Committee of Safety, hosting their meetings.</p><br>
<p>The house shows signs of the growing English influence on Dutch vernacular architecture in the Hudson Valley in the later 18th century. Early Dutch houses in the region were made of rubblestone and had steep gabled roofs, like the Bronck House, a National Historic Landmark across the Hudson River in Coxsackie. Cornelius Muller&#39;s House substitutes an English gambrel roof and takes advantage of the greater availability of brick by that time. It retains the asymmetrical entrance placement, and the short width, of early Dutch houses. The division of the interior into two rooms, as opposed to leaving the whole space open and undivided, is also a sign of English influence.</p><br>
<p>The Muller family lived there for several generations. Around 1840, the contributing outbuilding was erected. In the late 20th century, prior to its listing on the Register, a new owner restored the house using surviving original material and an exhibit at the Brooklyn Museum to replicate trim such as the shutters.</p><br>
<p>Thousand Island Park Historic District is a national historic district located on the south tip of Wellesley Island at Orleans in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The district includes 294 contributing buildings. It is an outstanding concentration of substantially intact late 19th century and early 20th century resort architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thousand Island Park is located on the southwest tip of Wellesley Island in the heart of the Thousand Islands on the Saint Lawrence River. In 1875, Thousand Island Park was founded by Rev. J.F. Dayan, as a Methodist summer, Chautauqua-like community. The main purpose was to enable families to secure pleasant lots for cottages or tents where they could spend a portion of the summer in a beautiful, cool, and salubrious place with religious purposes being secondary. The Park’s landmarks, homes, and way of life were nearly destroyed by fire. It is fortunate so much remains.</p><br>
<p>The Methodist summer camp colony that surrounded the Tabernacle was soon transformed from a tent city into a permanent village of summer residences. It was built on a scale far surpassing other similar associations. All roads lead to the Tabernacle centered prominently and squarely at the head of the Park on St. Lawrence Ave. The Tabernacle was the center for socialization and participation in Chautauqua-like programs which included religious studies, Sunday school institutes, outdoor recreation, travel lectures, temperance rallies and discussion of social reforms.</p><br>
<p>Campers leased lots, set up their tents on the preferred, prime lots closest to the Tabernacle. This grouping of tents was often called a tent city. The first diminutive cottages were tents constructed of wood on the original wooden tent platform. Individual owners also improvised, conceived and produced hybrids, combining styles and embellishing these small Tent Platform/Campground style structures, called the Landmark Shop, with fanciful gingerbread. As the architecture on the Park evolved, larger structures came into vogue. Much of the look of these Victorian cottages derives its characteristics from the varied styles of nineteenth-century architecture. In addition to the charming Gothic Tent style cottages, Gothic Revival, Eastlake, Stick, Shingle, and Queen Anne became popular architectural styles. After the fire of 1912, Bungalow/Craftsman styles, Neoclassical Revival style, and vernacular cottages were added to the Park&#39;s varied styles of architecture.</p><br>
<p>By 1890, the Park was firmly established with nearly 600 cottages and 7,000 summer inhabitants. A more liberal policy relaxed restrictions on curfews and the prohibition of cards and alcohol bringing more of a resort character to the Park. The Pavilion was the main entry to this Methodist retreat at a time when all travel to Wellesley Island was by water. By 1890 the park was firmly established with nearly 600 cottages and 7,000 summer inhabitants. The new, larger Pavilion was able to accommodate the landing of steamships and served as the gateway to the Park with hundreds of visitors seeking intellectual pursuits and entertainment by participating in the Chautauqua programs.</p><br>
<p>The destruction by fire in 1912 of the Park&#39;s last great hotel, and 99 cottages plus the business district, signaled the end of the Golden Era. After the fire and through the Depression, barely half of the cottages were occupied and eventually, another 200 cottages were torn down.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>In 1975, the Centennial Celebration served as a catalyst for change in the Park; the architectural charm and setting was once again appreciated. The Centennial Year Celebration inspired the formation of the Landmark Society in 1976, and the path that led to the Park regaining its architectural character and integrity. A small group of dedicated Landmark Society members initiated the nomination of Thousand Island Park to the National Register of Historic Places, finally achieved in 1982. The Thousand Island Park Landmark Society is supported today by individuals who promote the mission set forth by the Landmark founders.</p><br>
<p>Madison Barracks was a military installation at Sackets Harbor that was built for occupation by 600 USA troops, a few years after the War of 1812. It was named for James Madison who had just completed his presidency in 1817. Construction began under the name Fort Pike. The facility is a National Historic Landmark and a historic district located at in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 86 contributing buildings and two contributing structures. It includes the stone hospital, bakery, several warehouses known as "Stone Row," a stone water tower, and a series of brick buildings constructed in the 1890s as officers quarters, barracks, mess hall, and weapons storage and repair building.</p><br>
<p>Madison Barracks was the USA Army&#39;s primary post in upstate New York until Pine Camp (later renamed Fort Drum) was opened in 1908. Madison Barracks remained an active military installation through the end of World War II.</p><br>
<p>It is now operated as a residential community.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Media Armory, is a historic National Guard Armory located in Media, Delaware County, Pennsylvania built in 1908 for Company H of the 6th Infantry Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original building was designed by William L. Price and M H. McLanahan in 1908 as the Armory for Company H of the 6th Infantry Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard. The 2 story structure is primarily constructed of stone and steel and has a basement. The "structure&#39;s intended military use is expressed by its heavily buttressed walls, broken battlements, and low flanking towers," according to a plaque affixed to the building by the Media Borough Council in 1984. Company H served in Mexican Border Expedition, and re-designated as Company H, 111th Infantry, 28th Infantry Division, in France in World War I, and as Company M, in the South Pacific in World War II.</p><br>
<p>The armory was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1989.</p><br>
<p>The entire building was renovated and restored in 2004. The upper level was converted to retail space and is currently occupied by the grocery store chain, Trader Joe&#39;s. Solar panels were added on the roof at that time.</p><br>
<h2>Pennsylvania Veterans Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Veterans Museum opened in 2005 on Veterans Day in the basement level of the building. Exhibits include dioramas of the D-Day invasion and the Korean War, a mini-movie theater, military uniforms, weapons, photographs and oral histories of veterans&#39; experiences.</p><br>
